ACS Monitoring Charité Berlin

Compartment syndrome is a very serious musculoskeletal disorder, which can lead to devastating consequences, such as limb amputation and life-threatening conditions. It is a well described medical condition considered to be an orthopaedic emergency affecting all ages. In the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome, clinical suspicion supplemented by careful, repeated clinical examination continues to be the clinician's greatest tool. The classic signs and symptoms of acute compartment pressure are often listed as the 5 or 6 "Ps": Pain, Pressure, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Paresthesia, and Pallor. The diagnosis is typically not made by using equipment and it is difficult in the awake and oriented patient, becoming even more problematic in the polytrauma patient. An alternative diagnostic method for compartment syndrome is invasive intra-compartmental pressure measurement via insertion of a pressure monitoring device into the muscle compartment. However, literature shows that commercially available intra compartmental pressure monitors have a highly variable intra-observer reproducibility and that user errors are common. Compared to the invasive modalities or just experience of the surgeon, the CPMX1 shows promising advantages for the clinical application. Not only is the technology used for the CPMX1 device safe and non-invasive for the patient with only initial training required for the healthcare professionals, but it has also demonstrated high intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (as per bench tests and confirmed in clinical setting). Recently, two clinical studies ("SWISS_EVIDENCE" and "SWISS_CLEARANCE") were conducted using the CPMX1 in healthy volunteers in a real-world clinical environment. Results of these studies confirmed that the application of the CMPX1 in patient care is safe and validated the reliability of compressibility ratio measurement with the CPMX1 in healthy volunteers. The use of the CPMX1 device therefore facilitates the measurements, as it is based on pre- existing ultrasound methods, and avoids any further risks to the patients compared to invasive compartmental pressure diagnosis methods.

Patients will be monitored every hour for a total of 8 hours. At each time point, three measurements of compartment compressibility will be conducted using the CMPX1 on both the affected (potential ACS) and healthy limb.

Lowest CP Values [percent] (highest compartmental pressure) will be assessed from the difference in CP Values [percent] using the CPMX1 for a compartment at risk of ACS and compartment not at risk of ACS at the same time, contrasted by a pairwise t-test.

Each study patient will be monitored every hour for a total of 8 hours with the investigational device. The CP Value [percent] trend over time will be visualized per patient through plots.

CP Values [percent] from the compartments at risk of ACS and CP Values [percent] of compartment not at risk at the same time.

CP Value [percent] of extremities at risk and not at risk of ACS will be contrasted by a pairwise t-test.

Quotient calculation will be performed between CP Value of affected and non-affected limb's compartment. Values will be contrasted between the groups.

Time of the lowest CP Values [percent] (highest compartmental pressure) for the compartment at risk of ACS

Usability and workflow assessment will be evaluated through a practitioner's questionnaire which will be filled by each investigator at the end of the participation in the clinical investigation. The questionnaire will cover different aspects regarding usability and safety of the CPMX1 device.

Safety of the device will be assessed by systematically reporting adverse events and serious adverse events (description, severity, relation to the procedure) and by monitoring the frequency and incidence of these events.

Safety of the device will be assessed by systematically reporting device deficiencies (description of the deficiency) and by monitoring the frequency and incidence of these events

The practitioner will be asked to identify any new risks arising when using the investigational device.

Inclusion Criteria: Patients able to give consent Informed consent documented by signature Potential acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the extremities (excl. hands, feet) Male or female Age 18 to 95 years Intact skin at the measurement site Open fracture up to Grade I if not in the measurement area Exclusion Criteria: Potential Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS) of both extremities considered Limb anomalies that could hinder the measurement Individuals who are deprived of liberty pursuant to an administrative order or court order or approval.