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Long-term Effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Patients With Gestational Diabetes (GDMLIBRE)

Primary Purpose

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Korea, Republic of
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
CareSens N (iSENS)
Freestyle Libre (Abbott)
Sponsored by
Kangbuk Samsung Hospital
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional supportive care trial for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy

Eligibility Criteria

19 Years - 40 Years (Adult)FemaleAccepts Healthy Volunteers

[Inclusion Criteria] 19-40 aged female Gestational diabetes diagnosed at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy screening (stage 1 or stage 2 approach) 2-1.Screening one-step approach (75g oral glucose tolerance test, diagnosed when one or more of the following) Fasting blood glucose 92 mg/dL or higher Blood glucose 180 mg/dL or higher 1 hour after glucose loading Blood glucose of 153 mg/dL or higher 2 hours after glucose loading 2-2. Screening two-step approach (50 g oral glucose tolerance test then,100g oral glucose tolerance test) If the blood glucose level is 140 mg/dL or higher for 1 hour after the 50g oral glucose tolerance test, 100g oral glucose tolerance test 2 or more of the following Fasting blood glucose 95mg/dL or higher Blood glucose 180mg/dL or higher 1 hour after glucose loading Blood glucose of 155 mg/dL or higher 2 hours after glucose loading Blood glucose of 140 mg/dL or higher 3 hours after glucose loading Singleton Pregnancy [Exclusion Criteria] - pregestational diabetes (Overt diabetes) Diabetes Before Pregnancy At least one of the following at the first prenatal visit Fasting blood glucose 126mg/dL or higher Random blood glucose 200mg/dL or higher

Sites / Locations

  • Kangbuk Samsung hospitalRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Experimental

Arm Label

SMBG arm

CGMS arm

Arm Description

Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose group

Continuous glucose monitoring system, CGM

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

63-140 mg/dL Time in Range
63-140 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4 visit

Secondary Outcome Measures

AbA1C (%)
HbA1C evaluated at visit 4
Glycated Albumin(g/dL)
Glycated Albumin evaluated at visit 4
>180 mg/dL Time in Range
>180 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
>140 mg/dL Time in Range
>140 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
>120 mg/dL Time in Range
>120 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
<63mg/dL Time in Range
<63mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
<54mg/dL Time in Range
<54mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
63-120mg/dL Time in Range
63-120mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) 63-94 mg/dL Time in Range
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) 63-94 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) ≥95 mg/dL Time in Range
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) ≥95 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <63 mg/dL Time in Range
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <63 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <54 mg/dL Time in Range
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <54 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Overall average blood glucose level
Overall average blood glucose level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Overall average Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) level
Overall average Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Overall average During the day time blood glucose (6AM-12PM) level
Overall average During the day time blood glucose (6AM-12PM) level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Frequency of severe hypoglycemia(Hypoglycemia requiring help from others)
Frequency of severe hypoglycemia during the study period hyperglycemia requiring help from others)
glucose variability
glucose variability evaluated for 1week before visit4 (MAGE,SD,CV)
rate of insulin treatment
rate of insulin treatment
Estimation A1c of continuous blood glucose measurement for 1 week before Visit4 visit
Estimation A1c of continuous blood glucose measurement for 1 week before Visit4 visit
Total daily insulin requirements (evaluated at every visit)
Total daily insulin requirements (evaluated at every visit)
Satisfaction Questionnaire
Satisfaction Questionnaire(DTSQ) ,Score: min0 ~max 48, higher scores mean a better outcome
C-section rate
C-section rate
preeclampsia rate
preeclampsia rate
preeclampsia or gestational hypertension rate
preeclampsia or gestational hypertension rate
the rate of preterm birth
the rate of preterm birth
Weight gain during the study period
Weight gain during the study period
Average daily blood glucose measurements during the study period
Freestyle Libre scans, SMBG
Changes in Microbiome
Changes in Microbiome
Rate of transition to type 2 diabetes
Rate of transition to type 2 diabetes
Rate of transition to Glucose intolerance (prediabetes and/or diabetes)
Rate of transition to Glucose intolerance (prediabetes and/or diabetes)
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or diabetes
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or diabetes
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IGT) and/or diabetes
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IGT) and/or diabetes
75g OGTT hourly blood glucose
75g OGTT hourly blood glucose
hemoglobinA1C
hemoglobinA1C
glycated albumin
glycated albumin
Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
HOMA-IR (no unit, higher score means a worse outcome)
Insulin resistance index (Matsuda index)
Matsuda index (no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Insulin secretion ability index (HOMA-beta)
HOMA-beta(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Insulin secretion ability index (Insulinogenic index)
Insulinogenic index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Insulin Composite index(Oral disposition index)
Oral disposition index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Insulin Composite index(disposition index)
disposition index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
weight change
weight change
Change in Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)
Change in Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)
fetal: childbirth weight
fetal: childbirth weight
fetal: Macrosomia ( > 4000 g)
fetal: Macrosomia ( > 4000 g)
fetal:Large for gestational age ( > 90th percentile for age)
fetal:Large for gestational age ( > 90th percentile for age)
fetal:Small for gestational age ( < 10th percentile for age)
fetal:Small for gestational age ( < 10th percentile for age)
fetal:Neonatal glucose level
fetal:Neonatal glucose level
fetal:NICU admission
fetal:NICU admission
fetal:birth trauma (including shoulderdystocia, clavicle fracture or Erb's palsy)
fetal:birth trauma (including shoulderdystocia, clavicle fracture or Erb's palsy)
fetal:Pre-term birth
fetal:Pre-term birth
fetal:Apgar score
score: min 0 ~ max 10, higher scores mean a better outcome
fetal:Meconium aspiration
fetal:Meconium aspiration

Full Information

First Posted
October 21, 2022
Last Updated
September 6, 2023
Sponsor
Kangbuk Samsung Hospital
Collaborators
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD.
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT06031987
Brief Title
Long-term Effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Patients With Gestational Diabetes
Acronym
GDMLIBRE
Official Title
Long-term Effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Patients With Gestational Diabetes
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
September 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
January 26, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
January 26, 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
December 30, 2024 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Kangbuk Samsung Hospital
Collaborators
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD.

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
Yes
Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.
Yes
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to report the glycemic control effect and clinical safety and effectiveness of mother and fetus when using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGM) [Freestyle Libre] for a long period of time compared to self monitoring blood glucose(SMBG) in gestational diabetes patients.
Detailed Description
The investigators plan to conduct a randomized clinical trial among patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The intervention group will use Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) throughout the study period, scanning four or more times per day. The control group will be instructed to perform Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG), also four or more times per day. Eligible participants are those within 24 to 30 weeks of gestation (Visit 0). These subjects will undergo a 1-week run-in period, during which they will wear a retrospective CGM device and perform SMBG four or more times daily as a part of the screening process (Visit 1). Following the run-in period, subjects will be randomly assigned to either the CGM group (using the Freestyle Libre device) or the Control group (using SMBG). Members of the control group will be asked to perform SMBG four or more times daily, while those in the CGM group will be instructed to scan their CGM four or more times per day. Participants will have clinic visits at intervals ranging from 2 to 4 weeks, the frequency of which will be determined at the discretion of the attending physician (Visits 2, 2', 2'', 2''', 2'''). Upon reaching gestational age 34-35 weeks (Visit 3), members of the control group will begin to wear a retrospective CGM device until they reach gestational age 36 weeks (Visit 4). After 6-12 weeks from delivery, subjects will be asked to visit the clinic again and undergo a 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) (Visit 5). For the purposes of data analysis and outcome determination, the most recent 1-week CGM data collected at Visit 4 will be used for both groups.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Supportive Care
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
randomized, parallel, open labeled study
Masking
None (Open Label)
Masking Description
Open label
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
100 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
SMBG arm
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose group
Arm Title
CGMS arm
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Continuous glucose monitoring system, CGM
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
CareSens N (iSENS)
Intervention Description
Control group is asked to perform SMBG (4 times or more per day).
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Freestyle Libre (Abbott)
Intervention Description
CGM group is asked to scan CGM (4 times or more per day).
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
63-140 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
63-140 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4 visit
Time Frame
at visit 4(gestational age 36weeks)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
AbA1C (%)
Description
HbA1C evaluated at visit 4
Time Frame
at visit 4(gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Glycated Albumin(g/dL)
Description
Glycated Albumin evaluated at visit 4
Time Frame
at visit 4(gestational age 36weeks)
Title
>180 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
>180 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
>140 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
>140 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
>120 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
>120 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
<63mg/dL Time in Range
Description
<63mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
<54mg/dL Time in Range
Description
<54mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
63-120mg/dL Time in Range
Description
63-120mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) 63-94 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) 63-94 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) ≥95 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) ≥95 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <63 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <63 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <54 mg/dL Time in Range
Description
Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) <54 mg/dL Time in Range evaluated for 1 week before Visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Overall average blood glucose level
Description
Overall average blood glucose level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Overall average Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) level
Description
Overall average Night time Blood glucose (0AM-6AM) level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Overall average During the day time blood glucose (6AM-12PM) level
Description
Overall average During the day time blood glucose (6AM-12PM) level evaluated for 1week before visit4
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4 (gestational age 36weeks)
Title
Frequency of severe hypoglycemia(Hypoglycemia requiring help from others)
Description
Frequency of severe hypoglycemia during the study period hyperglycemia requiring help from others)
Time Frame
From visit 1 to visit 4(Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Gestational age 36 week)
Title
glucose variability
Description
glucose variability evaluated for 1week before visit4 (MAGE,SD,CV)
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4(gestational age 36weeks)
Title
rate of insulin treatment
Description
rate of insulin treatment
Time Frame
From visit 1 to visit 4 (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Gestational age 36 week)
Title
Estimation A1c of continuous blood glucose measurement for 1 week before Visit4 visit
Description
Estimation A1c of continuous blood glucose measurement for 1 week before Visit4 visit
Time Frame
1 week before Visit4(Gestational age 36 week)
Title
Total daily insulin requirements (evaluated at every visit)
Description
Total daily insulin requirements (evaluated at every visit)
Time Frame
From visit 1 to visit 4(Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Gestational age 36 week)
Title
Satisfaction Questionnaire
Description
Satisfaction Questionnaire(DTSQ) ,Score: min0 ~max 48, higher scores mean a better outcome
Time Frame
Visit 1 (Gestational age 25-31 weeks) , Visit 4 (Gestational age 36 week)
Title
C-section rate
Description
C-section rate
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
preeclampsia rate
Description
preeclampsia rate
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
preeclampsia or gestational hypertension rate
Description
preeclampsia or gestational hypertension rate
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
the rate of preterm birth
Description
the rate of preterm birth
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
Weight gain during the study period
Description
Weight gain during the study period
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
Average daily blood glucose measurements during the study period
Description
Freestyle Libre scans, SMBG
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
Changes in Microbiome
Description
Changes in Microbiome
Time Frame
during the study period (Gestational age 25-31 weeks to Pospartum 6-12 weeks)
Title
Rate of transition to type 2 diabetes
Description
Rate of transition to type 2 diabetes
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Rate of transition to Glucose intolerance (prediabetes and/or diabetes)
Description
Rate of transition to Glucose intolerance (prediabetes and/or diabetes)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or diabetes
Description
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or diabetes
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IGT) and/or diabetes
Description
Rate of transition to Impaired fasting glucose (IGT) and/or diabetes
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
75g OGTT hourly blood glucose
Description
75g OGTT hourly blood glucose
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
hemoglobinA1C
Description
hemoglobinA1C
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
glycated albumin
Description
glycated albumin
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
Description
HOMA-IR (no unit, higher score means a worse outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin resistance index (Matsuda index)
Description
Matsuda index (no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin secretion ability index (HOMA-beta)
Description
HOMA-beta(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin secretion ability index (Insulinogenic index)
Description
Insulinogenic index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin Composite index(Oral disposition index)
Description
Oral disposition index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Insulin Composite index(disposition index)
Description
disposition index(no unit, higher score means a better outcome)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
weight change
Description
weight change
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
Change in Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)
Description
Change in Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)
Time Frame
at post partum (6-12 weeks after delivery)
Title
fetal: childbirth weight
Description
fetal: childbirth weight
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal: Macrosomia ( > 4000 g)
Description
fetal: Macrosomia ( > 4000 g)
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Large for gestational age ( > 90th percentile for age)
Description
fetal:Large for gestational age ( > 90th percentile for age)
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Small for gestational age ( < 10th percentile for age)
Description
fetal:Small for gestational age ( < 10th percentile for age)
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Neonatal glucose level
Description
fetal:Neonatal glucose level
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:NICU admission
Description
fetal:NICU admission
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:birth trauma (including shoulderdystocia, clavicle fracture or Erb's palsy)
Description
fetal:birth trauma (including shoulderdystocia, clavicle fracture or Erb's palsy)
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Pre-term birth
Description
fetal:Pre-term birth
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Apgar score
Description
score: min 0 ~ max 10, higher scores mean a better outcome
Time Frame
at Delivery
Title
fetal:Meconium aspiration
Description
fetal:Meconium aspiration
Time Frame
at Delivery

10. Eligibility

Sex
Female
Gender Based
Yes
Gender Eligibility Description
Gestational Diabetes
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
19 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
40 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
[Inclusion Criteria] 19-40 aged female Gestational diabetes diagnosed at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy screening (stage 1 or stage 2 approach) 2-1.Screening one-step approach (75g oral glucose tolerance test, diagnosed when one or more of the following) Fasting blood glucose 92 mg/dL or higher Blood glucose 180 mg/dL or higher 1 hour after glucose loading Blood glucose of 153 mg/dL or higher 2 hours after glucose loading 2-2. Screening two-step approach (50 g oral glucose tolerance test then,100g oral glucose tolerance test) If the blood glucose level is 140 mg/dL or higher for 1 hour after the 50g oral glucose tolerance test, 100g oral glucose tolerance test 2 or more of the following Fasting blood glucose 95mg/dL or higher Blood glucose 180mg/dL or higher 1 hour after glucose loading Blood glucose of 155 mg/dL or higher 2 hours after glucose loading Blood glucose of 140 mg/dL or higher 3 hours after glucose loading Singleton Pregnancy [Exclusion Criteria] - pregestational diabetes (Overt diabetes) Diabetes Before Pregnancy At least one of the following at the first prenatal visit Fasting blood glucose 126mg/dL or higher Random blood glucose 200mg/dL or higher
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Cheol-Young Park, MD
Phone
82-010-3397-6107
Email
cydoctor68@gmail.com
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
SunJoon Moon, MD
Email
ipleat.m@gmail.com
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Cheol-Young Park, MD
Organizational Affiliation
KangbukSamsung Hospital
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Kangbuk Samsung hospital
City
Seoul
Country
Korea, Republic of
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Cheol-Young Park, MD
Phone
82-010-3397-6107
Email
cydoctor68@gmail.com

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
26940115
Citation
Cespedes EM, Hu FB, Tinker L, Rosner B, Redline S, Garcia L, Hingle M, Van Horn L, Howard BV, Levitan EB, Li W, Manson JE, Phillips LS, Rhee JJ, Waring ME, Neuhouser ML. Multiple Healthful Dietary Patterns and Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 Apr 1;183(7):622-33. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv241. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
24300020
Citation
Guariguata L, Linnenkamp U, Beagley J, Whiting DR, Cho NH. Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Feb;103(2):176-85. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
30396252
Citation
Kim KS. The importance of treating mild hyperglycemia in pregnant women with diabetes. Korean J Intern Med. 2018 Nov;33(6):1079-1080. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2018.351. Epub 2018 Oct 30. No abstract available.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
27046149
Citation
Koo BK, Lee JH, Kim J, Jang EJ, Lee CH. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Insurance Database Study. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 5;11(4):e0153107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153107. eCollection 2016. Erratum In: PLoS One. 2016 Oct 20;11(10 ):e0165445.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
24945238
Citation
DeSisto CL, Kim SY, Sharma AJ. Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007-2010. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 Jun 19;11:E104. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.130415.
Results Reference
result
PubMed Identifier
31296866
Citation
McIntyre HD, Catalano P, Zhang C, Desoye G, Mathiesen ER, Damm P. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Jul 11;5(1):47. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0098-8.
Results Reference
result
Links:
URL
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00188/full
Description
Hasain Z, Mokhtar NM , Kamaruddin NA, Mohamed Ismail NA, Razalli NH, Gnanou JV, et al. Gut Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Host Gut Microbiota Interactions and Their Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet].

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Long-term Effects of Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Patients With Gestational Diabetes

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