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Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children With Severe Pneumonia in Mali, Africa

Primary Purpose

Pneumonia

Status

Terminated

Phase

Not Applicable

Locations

Mali

Study Type

Interventional

Intervention

Bubble CPAP

Standard Therapy

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Pneumonia

Eligibility Criteria

12 Months - 5 Years (Child)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria:

Cases must meet the all following inclusion criteria for eligibility to be placed on bCPAP

Hospitalization
Age 12 months up to 5 years
Fast breathing defined as: (Using a timing device to count rate for one full minute)
- ≥ 40 breath/min in a child aged 12-23 months
- ≥ 30 breaths/min in a child aged 2-5 years
Any of the following respiratory signs: wheezing, nasal flaring, chest indrawing, cyanosis, grunting, head nodding, stridor and/or oxygen saturation <90%.
Informed written consent obtained Or
Age 12 months up to 5 years
Weight up to 20Kg
With cough AND/OR any sign of difficult breathing Plus ONE general danger sign as follow:
- Not able to drink
- Persistent vomiting
- Convulsions
- Lethargy or unconscious
- Stridor in a calm child or
- Severe malnutrition
Informed written consent obtained

Patients with the following conditions who meet eligible criteria can benefit from bCPAP:

Bronchiolitis
Respiratory viral infection
Lung collapse / atelectasis
Asthma exacerbation
Patients with congenital heart disease with heart failure
Malaria
Severe Anemia
Sepsis
Meningitis
Any patient with increased respiratory effort who meet the eligible criteria

We will include patients with progression to severe pneumonia during the hospitalization and those ones with chronic diseases too.

Definitions:

Head nodding: a movement of the head synchronous with inspiration indicating severe respiratory distress
Chest indrawing: lower chest wall goes in when the child breathes in
Lethargy: is defined as "an infant who does not wake up on stimulation or, on waking, subsequently moves only on stimulation or does not move at all"
Not able to drink: refers to "difficulty feeding or not feeding well (in an infant who was previously feeding well)"
Convulsions: During the enrollment process, the danger sign for 'convulsions' will be collected by asking about the number and duration of seizures.
Severe malnutrition Severe acute malnutrition is defined as per WHO as the presence of edema of both feet or severe wasting (weight-for-height/length <-3SD) or mid upper arm circumference < 115 mm [19]
Progression to case definition during hospitalization: Cases that progress to severe pneumonia or meet the inclusion criteria previously mentioned during hospitalization but do not meet the definition during the time of admission because the disease is in the early stages of illness will be included.
Chronic disease: Children with chronic lung or respiratory disease may be admitted to the study. We will not exclude patients from the study on the basis of a long history of symptoms.

Exclusion criteria:

Cases that meet any of the following exclusion criteria will be ineligible to enroll:

Skin breakdown around the nose and mouth
Facial trauma
Persistent episodes of vomiting: more than 3 episodes in 1 hour.

Sites / Locations

Center for Vaccine Development - Mali

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Other

Arm Label

Bubble CPAP

Standard Therapy

Arm Description

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Treatment failure rate

We define treatment failure as the occurrence of any two or more of the following clinical criteria 2 hour after initiation of an intervention: Severe hypoxemia (Saturation of oxygen SpO2 <85%) after being on one of the study groups treatments for 2 hours Increased in respiratory rate by any amount or if respiratory rate remains unchanged after initiation of treatment as follow: ≥ 40 breath/min in a child aged 12-23 months ≥ 30 breaths/min in a child aged 2-5 years Signs of persistent severe respiratory distress defined as head nodding, severe chest indrawing, stridor, apnea, nasal flaring and or grunting. Dies while in the hospital.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Mortality rate

The difference in mortality between the standard therapy group vs bCPAP group at the time of discharge.

Full Information

NCT ID

NCT03944551

First Posted

April 22, 2019

Last Updated

June 4, 2020

Sponsor

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Collaborators

Center for Vaccine Development - Mali

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number

NCT03944551

Brief Title

Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children With Severe Pneumonia in Mali, Africa

Official Title

Use of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) With High Flow Settings in Treatment of Respiratory Distress Secondary to Signs of Severe Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients in Mali

Study Type

Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date

June 2020

Overall Recruitment Status

Terminated

Why Stopped

Participant mortality rates were higher than expected.

Study Start Date

September 26, 2019 (Actual)

Primary Completion Date

September 30, 2019 (Actual)

Study Completion Date

September 30, 2019 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title

Principal Investigator

Name of the Sponsor

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Collaborators

Center for Vaccine Development - Mali

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product

5. Study Description

Brief Summary

This study is being conducted in Mali, Africa. Pneumonia is a respiratory infection of the lungs caused by bacteria or virus. Some children can develop signs of severe pneumonia and as a result, have difficulty breathing and low levels of oxygen in the blood. In some cases this can progress to death. Patients with signs of severe pneumonia require admission to the hospital for treatment and the treatment includes delivery of oxygen. Currently, in the hospital, oxygen is available for delivery by nasal cannula to children. In this case, oxygen is given through a small plastic tube which delivers oxygen through the nose. However, the amount of oxygen that can be given is limited because of the size of the tube and the amount of oxygen that can go through. However, a new device known as the bubble CPAP machine delivers oxygen through the nose in a way that helps the airways to stay open. This is known to provide better support to children less than 1 year of age who have difficulty breathing with signs of severe pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bubble CPAP in Children up to 5 years of age with with signs of severe pneumonia.

Detailed Description

This study includes two cohorts. One cohort will participate in an interventional clinical trial and the other cohort will participate in an observational study. Interventional Cohort: The first cohort will include 600 children with signs of severe pneumonia, 1 year up to 5 years of age. Signs of severe pneumonia include fast breathing, difficulty breathing and who are very sick (not able to drink, vomiting, having seizures, are very sleepy or with severe malnutrition). Two out of every three children will receive oxygen with the bubble CPAP and one out of every three children will receive treatment with oxygen with regular nasal cannula. The treatment assignment will be determined randomly. We will follow up participants during their entire hospitalization. During this time we will collect information on the child's illness, test results and treatment. Observational Cohort: The second cohort will include 450 children with signs of severe pneumonia, under 1 year of age. In Mali, bubble CPAP is currently given as standard of care (when possible) for children with signs of severe pneumonia, under 1 year of age; therefore, children in this cohort will already be receiving bubble CPAP as standard of care prior to enrollment. The only research activities will be to follow the children during their hospitalization and collect information about their clinical condition, test results, treatment and the amount of oxygen required during the hospital admission. The remainder of the information in this ClinicalTrials.gov registration will refer only to the Intervention Cohort.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study

Pneumonia

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose

Treatment

Study Phase

Not Applicable

Interventional Study Model

Parallel Assignment

Model Description

This is an unblinded, age-stratified, randomized trial with a 2:1 allocation ratio.

Masking

None (Open Label)

Allocation

Randomized

Enrollment

13 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title

Bubble CPAP

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Title

Standard Therapy

Arm Type

Other

Intervention Type

Device

Intervention Name(s)

Bubble CPAP

Intervention Description

Those assigned to the bCPAP group will receive a Total flow oxygen at a rate of 2 liters per kilogram to a maximum of 10 liters per minute using the appropriate nasal prongs for the age and size of the patient. The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) provide by bCPAP will start at 8cm HO2. The FIO2 will be adjusted to obtain a saturation of oxygen of 90% or greater.

Intervention Type

Other

Intervention Name(s)

Standard Therapy

Intervention Description

For patients in the standard therapy group, oxygen will be delivery by nasal cannula at a flow rate of 4 Liters per minute. If a patient in the standard group after 1 hour of treatment still has a SpO2 < 90% or meeting criteria of treatment failure the patient will be move from the standard therapy group to the bCPAP group.

Primary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Treatment failure rate

Description

Time Frame

2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Mortality rate

Description

The difference in mortality between the standard therapy group vs bCPAP group at the time of discharge.

Time Frame

Through hospital discharge, an average of 1 week

10. Eligibility

Sex

All

Minimum Age & Unit of Time

12 Months

Maximum Age & Unit of Time

5 Years

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion criteria: Cases must meet the all following inclusion criteria for eligibility to be placed on bCPAP Hospitalization Age 12 months up to 5 years Fast breathing defined as: (Using a timing device to count rate for one full minute) ≥ 40 breath/min in a child aged 12-23 months ≥ 30 breaths/min in a child aged 2-5 years Any of the following respiratory signs: wheezing, nasal flaring, chest indrawing, cyanosis, grunting, head nodding, stridor and/or oxygen saturation <90%. Informed written consent obtained Or Age 12 months up to 5 years Weight up to 20Kg With cough AND/OR any sign of difficult breathing Plus ONE general danger sign as follow: Not able to drink Persistent vomiting Convulsions Lethargy or unconscious Stridor in a calm child or Severe malnutrition Informed written consent obtained Patients with the following conditions who meet eligible criteria can benefit from bCPAP: Bronchiolitis Respiratory viral infection Lung collapse / atelectasis Asthma exacerbation Patients with congenital heart disease with heart failure Malaria Severe Anemia Sepsis Meningitis Any patient with increased respiratory effort who meet the eligible criteria We will include patients with progression to severe pneumonia during the hospitalization and those ones with chronic diseases too. Definitions: Head nodding: a movement of the head synchronous with inspiration indicating severe respiratory distress Chest indrawing: lower chest wall goes in when the child breathes in Lethargy: is defined as "an infant who does not wake up on stimulation or, on waking, subsequently moves only on stimulation or does not move at all" Not able to drink: refers to "difficulty feeding or not feeding well (in an infant who was previously feeding well)" Convulsions: During the enrollment process, the danger sign for 'convulsions' will be collected by asking about the number and duration of seizures. Severe malnutrition Severe acute malnutrition is defined as per WHO as the presence of edema of both feet or severe wasting (weight-for-height/length <-3SD) or mid upper arm circumference < 115 mm [19] Progression to case definition during hospitalization: Cases that progress to severe pneumonia or meet the inclusion criteria previously mentioned during hospitalization but do not meet the definition during the time of admission because the disease is in the early stages of illness will be included. Chronic disease: Children with chronic lung or respiratory disease may be admitted to the study. We will not exclude patients from the study on the basis of a long history of symptoms. Exclusion criteria: Cases that meet any of the following exclusion criteria will be ineligible to enroll: Skin breakdown around the nose and mouth Facial trauma Persistent episodes of vomiting: more than 3 episodes in 1 hour.

Overall Study Officials:

First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree

Adnan T Bhutta, MBBS

Organizational Affiliation

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Official's Role

Principal Investigator

Facility Information:

Facility Name

Center for Vaccine Development - Mali

City

Bamako

Country

Mali

12. IPD Sharing Statement

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Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Children With Severe Pneumonia in Mali, Africa

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