Comparing Treatment Completion Of Daily Rifapentine & Isoniazid For One Month (1HP) To Weekly High Dose Rifapentine & Isoniazid For 3 Months (3HP) In Persons Living With HIV and in Household Contacts of Recently Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients (1 to 3)

Comparing Treatment Completion Of Daily Rifapentine & Isoniazid For One Month (1HP) To Weekly High Dose Rifapentine & Isoniazid For 3 Months (3HP) In Persons Living With HIV and in Household Contacts of Recently Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients

A Randomized Trial Comparing Treatment Completion of Daily Rifapentine & Isoniazid for One Month (1HP) To Weekly Rifapentine & Isoniazid For 3 Months (3HP) In Persons Living With HIV and in HIV-negative Household Contacts of Recently Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients, The "One To Three" Trial

A multicenter, randomized, stratified, open-label, phase IV trial among HIV-positive persons (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), or HIV-negative household contacts of patients with rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), who do not have evidence of active TB.

Participants will be stratified by indication for tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) - HIV seropositive persons or HIV-negative household contact of person with infectious TB - and will receive either one of two TB preventive therapy regimens: Group 1: People living with HIV infection without active TB Arm A: isoniazid (300mg) and rifapentine (600mg) daily for 4 weeks (1HP) Arm B: isoniazid (900mg) and rifapentine (900mg) weekly for 12 weeks (3HP) Arm A (n=250): 250 participants age ≥13 years of age who are HIV seropositive and taking ART who do not have evidence of active TB will be recruited from local clinics. After being consented, screened, and randomized, participants in Arm A will receive the 1HP regimen once daily for 4 weeks (28 doses). Study events include a health history, physical exam, TB symptom screen, symptom screen for adverse events (AEs), adherence checks during 1HP, and clinic visits at months 1, 2, and 6, at the least. Safety labs for liver function will be checked as clinically indicated. Arm B (n=250): 250 participants age ≥13 years of age who are HIV seropositive and taking ART who do not have evidence of active TB will be recruited from local clinics. After being consented, screened, and randomized, participants in Arm B will receive the 3HP regimen once weekly for 12 weeks (12 doses). Study events include a health history, physical exam, TB symptom screen, symptom screen for adverse events (AEs), adherence checks during 3HP, and clinic visits at months 1, 2, 3, and 6, at the least. Safety labs for liver function will be checked as clinically indicated. Group 2: HIV-negative household contacts of newly diagnosed adults with rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary TB. Arm A: isoniazid (300mg) and rifapentine (600mg) daily for 4 weeks (1HP) Arm B: isoniazid (900mg) and rifapentine (900mg) weekly for 12 weeks (3HP) Arm A (n=250): 250 participants age ≥13 years of age who are HIV-negative household contacts of adults with rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary TB who do not have evidence of active TB will be recruited from local clinics and households of active cases. After being consented, screened, and randomized, participants in Arm A will receive the 1HP regimen once daily for 4 weeks (28 doses). Study events include a health history, physical exam, TB symptom screen, symptom screen for adverse events (AEs), adherence checks during 1HP, and clinic visits at months 1, 2, and 6, at the least. Safety labs for liver function will be checked as clinically indicated. Arm B (n=250): 250 participants age ≥13 years of age who are HIV-negative household contacts of adults with rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary TB who do not have evidence of active TB will be recruited from local clinics and households of active cases. After being consented, screened, and randomized, participants in Arm B will receive the 3HP regimen once weekly for 12 weeks (12 doses). Study events include a health history, physical exam, TB symptom screen, symptom screen for adverse events (AEs), adherence checks during 3HP, and clinic visits at months 1, 2, 3, and 6, at the least. Safety labs for liver function will be checked as clinically indicated.

A randomization list will be generated prior to starting enrolment using random block sizes that are stratified by HIV status & country.

from study entry at Week 0 through up to 8 weeks of 1HP (Group 1) or up to 24 weeks of 3HP (Group 2) , to be reported at end of trial

from study entry at Week 0 through up to 8 weeks of 1HP (Group 1) or up to 24 weeks of 3HP (Group 2) , to be reported at end of trial

from study entry at Week 0 through up to 8 weeks of 1HP (Group 1) or up to 24 weeks of 3HP (Group 2) , to be reported at end of trial

Occurrence of Grade 2 or higher targeted safety events (both groups, Arms A and B). Targeted safety events are hypersensitivity syndrome, rash, seizure, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, and drug-related fever.

from study entry at Week 0 through up to 8 weeks of 1HP (Group 1) or up to 24 weeks of 3HP (Group 2), to be reported at end of trial

Incremental cost-effectiveness of 1HP and 3HP (compared to each other, ^ months of isoniazid (6H), and no treatment) using a societal perspective.

from study entry at Week 0 through up to 8 weeks of 1HP (Group 1) or up to 24 weeks of 3HP (Group 2) , to be reported at end of trial

Group 1: HIV-positive adolescents and adults in South Africa and India Inclusion criteria: Age ≥ 13 years Weight > 30 kg HIV-seropositive HIV viral load <400 copies/mL, defined as "virally suppressed," on an EFV or DTG-based ART regimen (see Section 3.6.2) Candidates must meet WHO criteria for receiving TPT Exclusion criteria: Confirmed or suspected TB disease (evidenced by symptoms and/or clinical exam findings and/or chest radiographic findings suggestive of TB, positive mycobacterial culture or molecular TB testing or currently on TB treatment for active TB disease) Likely to move from the study area during the study period Known recent exposure to a TB case with resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin. Previous treatment for active or latent TB for more than 30 days within the past 2 years On nevirapine, etravirine, rilpivirine, PI-based, or raltegravir-containing ART regimens Known sensitivity or intolerance to isoniazid or rifamycins Suspected acute hepatitis or known chronic or unstable liver disease^ ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) Total bilirubin > 2.5 times the ULN Pregnancy or breastfeeding Females of childbearing potential who are unable or unwilling to use two forms of contraception** On prohibited medications (see Appendix I) Group 2: HIV-negative household contacts of an adult with confirmed pulmonary TB in Mozambique and Indonesia Inclusion criteria: Age ≥ 13 years Weight > 30 kg HIV-negative Household contact of an adult with confirmed rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary TB Candidates must meet WHO criteria for receiving TPT Exclusion criteria: Confirmed or suspected TB disease (evidenced by symptoms and/or clinical exam findings and/or chest radiographic findings suggestive of TB, positive mycobacterial culture or molecular TB testing or currently on TB treatment for active TB disease) Likely to move from the study area during the study period Known exposure to TB cases with resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin in the source case Previous treatment for active or latent TB for >30 days within the past 2 years Known sensitivity or intolerance to isoniazid or rifamycins Suspected acute hepatitis or known chronic or unstable liver disease^ ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) Total bilirubin > 2.5 times the ULN Pregnancy or breastfeeding Females of childbearing potential who are unable or unwilling to use two forms of contraception** On prohibited medications