Does Provision of Point of Care CD4 Technology and Early Knowledge of CD4 Levels Affect Early Initiation and Retention on Anti-retroviral Treatment (ART) in HIV Positive Pregnant Women in the Context of Option B+ for PMTCT? (E4E)

Does Provision of Point of Care CD4 Technology and Early Knowledge of CD4 Levels Affect Early Initiation and Retention on Anti-retroviral Treatment (ART) in HIV Positive Pregnant Women in the Context of Option B+ for PMTCT?

Does Provision of Point of Care CD4 Technology and Early Knowledge of CD4 Levels Affect Early Initiation and Retention on Anti-retroviral Treatment (ART) in HIV Positive Pregnant Women in the Context of Option B+ for PMTCT?

The study will be conducted at 32 health care facilities in three provinces in Zimbabwe and will compare the impact of the provision Point of Care CD4 technology and early knowledge of CD4 levels on retention at 12 months, with or without POC CD4 and a programmatic mentoring package. Option B+ will be implemented at all sites and 16 intervention sites will receive POC CD4 machines and visits from a team of clinical mentors. The study also aims to assess rates of ART initiation and time to ART initiation of HIV positive pregnant women in settings implementing option B+ with or without POC CD4 and related counselling/support; rates of retention in care of HIV positive mothers at 6 months post ART initiation in settings implementing option B+ with or without POC CD4 and related counselling/support; rates of ART initiation and retention at 6 and 12 months post ART initiation according to different levels of CD4 count; cost of retaining HIV positive pregnant women until 6 and 12 months; acceptability and feasibility of POC CD4 as an adjunct to good clinical care of HIV positive pregnant women.

Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission, PMTCT, Option B+, ART, Retention, Loss to Follow Up, Time to initiation, POC CD4, Clinical mentoring, Costing, HIV, AIDS, Zimbabwe

Sites implementing Option B+ for pregnant and lactating women according to the standard of care prescribed by the Ministry of health and Child Care national guidelines

Sites implementing Option B+ according to the standard of care prescribed by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, as well as programmatic mentoring and POC CD4 machines

Programmatic Mentoring aimed at messaging around CD4 count to encourage retention on lifelong ART for PMTCT patients, administered by trained clinical mentors

Median time-to-initiation between HIV positive diagnosis and enrolment onto Option B+ with or without POC CD4 and related counseling/support

Proportion of HIV positive pregnant women that are retained on ART, 6 months after initiation in settings implementing option B+ with or without POC CD4 and related counseling/support

Proportion of women initiated and retained on ART at 6 and 12 months post ART initiation, according to different levels of CD4 count

Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant at the time of booking HIV positive diagnosis Not on ART at the time of booking Present up to 38 weeks into gestation Presents more than 48 hours prior to delivery Exclusion Criteria: Already on ART at booking Presents more than 38 weeks into gestation or less than 48 hours prior to delivery

Erlwanger AS, Joseph J, Gotora T, Muzunze B, Orne-Gliemann J, Mukungunugwa S, Farley T, Mangwiro AZ. Patterns of HIV Care Clinic Attendance and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Living With HIV in the Context of Option B+ in Zimbabwe. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Jun 1;75 Suppl 2:S198-S206. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001347.

Joseph J, Gotora T, Erlwanger AS, Mushavi A, Zizhou S, Masuka N, Boeke CE, Mangwiro AZ. Impact of Point-of-Care CD4 Testing on Retention in Care Among HIV-Positive Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in the Context of Option B+ in Zimbabwe: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Jun 1;75 Suppl 2:S190-S197. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001341.

Mangwiro AZ, Makomva K, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya G, Gotora T, Owen M, Mushavi A, Mangwanya D, Zinyowera S, Rusakaniko S, Mugurungi O, Zizhou S, Busumani W, Masuka N. Does provision of point-of-care CD4 technology and early knowledge of CD4 levels affect early initiation and retention on antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive pregnant women in the context of Option B+ for PMTCT? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Nov 1;67 Suppl 2:S139-44. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000326.