Early Intervention in Cognitive Aging

Late-onset AD develops over many years during a preclinical period in which neuropathological changes accumulate before dementia is evident. Deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is the earliest recognized biomarker of AD pathology, and, demographically, Aβ accumulation begins to accelerate at age 50, a period when the incidence of metabolic disturbance increases as well. Hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin receptor resistance has been associated with AD pathololgy, and metabolic disturbance in mid-life increases risk for subsequent dementia. There are indications that subjective memory complaints can be an early indicator of developing neuropathology and may be the first manifestation of future dementia. This research involve intervention studies in different samples of individuals from this population to investigate the extent to which berry fruit supplementation and ketone metabolism might improve memory performance in association with enhancement of metabolic function and related factors. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop interventional approaches that might be applied with at-risk individuals in the preclinical period of dementia to forestall or prevent progression of neurocognitive decline.

Intervention with carbohydrate restriction designed to produce adaptation to ketone metabolism OR intervention with berry fruit powder supplementation.

There is no blind in the dietary intervention given that participants are aware of the nature of the foods they consume. However, each dietary approach is described as healthy. In the berry supplementation studies, there is double blinding using berry fruit and placebo powders that are packaged with a code.

Daily supplementation with berry fruit powder OR carbohydrate restriction to achieve nutritional ketosis

Inclusion Criteria: overweight; subjective memory complaints Exclusion Criteria: diabetes; liver or kidney disease; age-related memory disorder; neurologic or psychiatric condition; substance abuse