Effect of Dairy Consumption on Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effect of Dairy Consumption on Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effect of Consumption of Dairy Products on Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

This is a randomized prospective clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes to evaluate the effect of dairy products with full or low fat on glycemic control and cardio-metabolic risk factors in comparison to a regular diet.

This is a randomized, controlled clinical study in which 108 subjects with type 2 diabetes will be randomized into 3 different groups: Full fat dairy group (Group A): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet Low fat dairy group (Group B): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet Control group (Group C): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products Subjects in Groups A and B will be educated about different dairy products' serving sizes and fat content. Subjects in all 3 groups will be asked to record their daily intake of dairy products in a dedicated log book. Subjects randomized to groups A and B will be asked to only use only dairy products with either the full fat or and low (≤1%) fat dairy (≤1% fat content) content respectively. Purchase of the dairy products will be the responsibility of study subjects for which a subsidy of $500 (about $20/week for 24 weeks) will be provided for each subject. All study participants will also be asked to record their food intake for 3 days before each study visit in a 3-day food log.

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietitian and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietitian and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet

Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products

Change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (IR) index after 24 weeks compared to baseline

Inclusion Criteria: Having type 2 diabetes for at least three months prior to screening and treated with any antihyperglycemic medication A1C ≥7 % Consuming <3 servings of dairy products per day On stable dose of diabetes, blood pressure or cholesterol medications for 3 months Body weight is within 10% of current weight over the last 6 months before starting the study Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or lactation Lactose intolerance Allergy to milk or any of its components Use of orlistat History of pancreatitis History of gastric bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy Active malignancy History of recent cardiovascular event Having a heart pacemaker Enrollment in other studies that may affect study outcomes

Mitri J, Tomah S, Mottalib A, Salsberg V, Ashrafzadeh S, Pober DM, Eldib AH, Tasabehji MW, Hamdy O. Effect of dairy consumption and its fat content on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;112(2):293-302. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa138.