Effect of Music During Carotid Endarterectomy

Effect of Music on Patient's Anxiety, Satisfaction and Pain During Carotid Endarterectomy: Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that music listening during carotid endarterectomy administered the cervical plexus block will cause less anxiety, less pain, and greater patient satisfaction.

Patients who decided to participate in the study were randomized by means of a computer-generated randomization order into 2 groups: Music Group (Group M) and Operating Room (OR) Noise Group (Group O). Randomization was independently carried out in both centers. Preoperative and postoperative State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, intraoperative STAI responses, preoperative and postoperative numerical rating scale scores for anxiety, pain scores and hemodynamic parameters were recorded.

in music group, patient was asked to choose one music genres from 5 different music genres according to his/her preference. Patient selected music was delivered by an iPhone 6 and Music app (Apple Inc., USA) through the iPhone's headphones.

in operating room noise group, operating room noise was delivered by an iPhone and Microphone App (Free version, Von Bruno). This application allows the iPhone to be used as a live microphone.

Assessed every 5 minutes during the procedure. The question is "are you relaxed" and patient is asked to answer the question on a scale of "very much, moderately, somewhat, or not at all"

Assessed every 5 minutes during the procedure. The questions is "are you calm" and patient is asked to answer the question on a scale of "very much, moderately, somewhat, or not at all"

assessed 5 min after the procedure. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (worst feeling of anxiety possible)

assessed 1 day before surgery. The total score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80 points and a higher score represents greater anxiety.

assessed 1st day after surgery. The total score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80 points and a higher score represents greater anxiety.

Inclusion Criteria: Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy using cervical plexus block American Society of Anesthesiologists class 2 to 3 Ability to consent Exclusion Criteria: inability to communicate not understand the aim and objectives of the study not provide informed written consent contraindications for the block (local infection, coagulation disorders) hypersensitivity to the local anesthetics refusal of regional anesthesia