Effectiveness and Safety of an Early Mobilization Protocol in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

At baseline, the interviewer assisted the child and family to identify occupational performance problems in the areas of self-care, productivity or leisure. Once they had identified these problems, they were written positively as goals, which participants and their parents then prioritised by importance on a scale from 1 to 10 (10 indicating greater importance). Scores out of 10 for self-perceived performance and satisfaction were then obtained from parent. The scores were summed and averaged over the number of priorities identified to produce two overall scores out of 10 for each participant: one for performance and one for satisfaction. At post-treatment and follow-up, participants were blinded to their previous ratings in order to limit potential bias. A 2 point change in score on the COPM is considered to be clinically meaningful.

Functional Status Scale (FSS) domains of functioning included mental status, sensory functioning, communication, motor functioning, feeding, and respiratory status, categorized from normal (score = 1) to very severe dysfunction (score = 5). FSS scores ranged from 6 to 30.

Defined as the number of days of mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube during the PICU admission.

Defined as the number of days of PICU length of stay.

Defined as the number of days of Hospital length of stay.

Number of patients discharged from the hospital to a place other than home (rehabilitation facility).

Frequency of thrombus and pressure sores occurred during intervention period Frequency of abnormal vital signs occurred during intervention period Frequency of any adverse events associated with intervention

PICU re-admission rate

The PRISM III score has 17 physiologic variables subdivided into 26 ranges. The variables most predictive of mortality were minimum systolic blood pressure, abnormal pupillary reflexes, and stupor/coma. Other risk factors, including two acute and two chronic diagnoses, and four additional risk factors, were used in the final predictors. The PRISM III score and the additional risk factors were applied to the first 24 hours of stay (PRISM III-24).

The PDMS-2 is a standardized, norm-referenced test, which includes gross motor and fine motor domains. All items of the PDMS-2 are scored on a 3-point scale (0 to 2): 0 is assigned when the child cannot perform the item or when the attempts do not meet the criteria of the item; 1 is assigned when the attempts do not meet for successful performance, but the behavior is emerging; and 2 indicates that the behavior is emerging, and the criterion for successful performance is fully met. The standard score and developmental age equivalent are obtained by converting the raw score of each subtest according to the criteria of the PDMS-2 manual; the standard score was used for this study. The interrater reliability and internal consistency of the fine motor domain were reported as 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. The predictive validity was reported as 0.91.

The BOT-2 quantifies motor development of children and adolescents from 4 to 21 years old. It produces a discriminative and evaluative measure of motor performances, specifically in the areas of fine motor control, manual dexterity, body coordination, strength, and agility. The BOT-2 includes 14 test items and takes only 30 min to complete. The subtests assess fine motor precision (drawing a line along a path, folding paper), fine motor integration (copying shapes), manual dexterity (transferring pennies), bilateral coordination (tapping feet and fingers, jumping in place same side synchronized), balance (walking on a line, standing on one leg on a balance beam), running speed and agility (one-legged stationary hop), upper limb coordination (dropping/catching a ball, dribbling a ball alternating hands), and strength (knee push-ups, sit-ups). All measures are converted to a normalized score, with a maximum of 88 points.

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or PedsQLTM is a series of assessment instruments designed to measure the health-related quality of life of children. The PedsQL 4.0 provides an opportunity for the assessment of both overall (generic) quality of life as well as disease-specific quality of life. The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales are appropriate for assessing health-related quality of life in both healthy and chronically ill children. The four scales making up this generic battery include Physical Functioning (8 items), Emotional Functioning (5 items), Social Functioning (5 items), and School Functioning (5 items). A 5-point response scale is utilized across child self-report and parent proxy-report (0 = never a problem; 1 = almost never a problem; 2 = sometimes a problem; 3 = often a problem; 4 =almost always a problem).

The K-PSI-SF is a simplified parenting stress index developed by Lee et al. for Korean parents by standardizing the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) which was developed by Abindin in 1995. Subscales consist of 36 questions in three domains about pain of parents, dysfunctional interactions, and difficult children. Each question is measured by the five-point Likert scale: 1) strongly disagree, 2) disagree, 3) undecided, 4) agree, 5) strongly agree and the final scores are calculated by adding the point of each question.