Effects of AMP Application After Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Treatment of Periodontitis

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides Application After Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Treatment of Stage III and Grade B Periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease of periodontal support tissues caused by bacterial biofilm, which leads to inflammation and destruction of periodontal support tissues ultimately resulting in tooth loss.In the clinic, patients with Stage III and Grade B periodontitis are difficult to gain desired outcomes on account of deep periodontal pockets, complicated anatomy, the removal of subgingival dental biofilms, and control of residual inflammation. A large number of studies have indicated that the effectiveness of local application of antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP), such as the antimicrobial and minocycline hydrochloride could affect bacterial metabolism and inhibit biofilm attachment particularly in terms of pocket depth reduction and attachment level gain. However, the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics may cause some inevitable side effects including drug resistance, pathogens and probiotics were eliminated leading to diversity of microbiota diminished, and toothstaining. To solve the problems of antibiotics in the clinic, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may be considered as an alternative to conventional antibiotics drugs.In this randomized clinical trial, we aimed to evaluate the effects of AMPs as an addition to SRP on clinical parameters and microbiological biofilms in patients with Stage III and Grade B periodontitis.

The patients were divided into subgingival scaling, and Oral Biological Antimicrobial Gel was used in the periodontal pocket after scaling. The injection probe with gel was inserted into the periodontal pocket, and the injection was slowly pushed, and the injection was gradually withdrawn during the injection, until a little gel was found at the mouth of the bag.

The patients were divided into subgingival scaling, and minocycline hydrochloride ointment was used in the periodontal pocket after scaling. The injection probe with gel was inserted into the periodontal pocket, and the injection was slowly pushed, and the injection was gradually withdrawn during the injection, until a little gel was found at the mouth of the bag.

Bleeding index were assessed using a Williams periodontal probe((Hu-Friedy) ,the rating method was assessed using the criteria of Mazza(Mazza, Newman, & Sims, 1981).

Bleeding index : 0 = normal appearance of the gingiva and no bleeding on sulcus probing. = normal appearance of the gingiva but bleeding on probing of the sulcus. = bleeding on probing and gingival color change without swelling. = bleeding on probing, gingival color change with mild swelling. = bleeding on probing with marked gingival swelling, with or without color change. = bleeding on probing, L Spontaneous bleeding, gingival color change with marked swelling, with or without ulceration.

Periodontal microorganisms within subgingival plaque by Mini Grace scaler (Remove the supragingival plaque with a probe, gently put the sterile Mini Grace scaler into the periodontal pocket)

Subgingival plaque storing: Specimens were collected and placed on ice immediately after sampling, transported to the laboratory within 15min and stored at -80°C. Plaque were conveyed on dry ice to the laboratory at Beijing Allwegene Tech, Ltd (Beijing, China) within 5 h. The microbial genomic DNA was isolated, amplified by PCR, and then the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene18 were subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina Miseq PE300 sequencing platform (Illumina, Inc. CA, USA).

Inclusion Criteria: At least 18 years old Previously untreated Stage III and Grade B periodontitis by clinically and radiologically。In 2018, EEP and AAP sorted out periodontitis into four classifications (Stage I to IV) based on several variables including clinical attachment loss, amount and percentage of bone loss, probing depth, presence and extent of angular bony defects and furcation involvement, tooth mobility, and tooth loss due to periodontitis, and three levels (grade A: low risk, grade B: moderate risk, grade C: high risk of progression) according to the rate of disease progression. A minimum of 20 natural teeth in the mouth, and more than 4 molars. Exclusion Criteria: Acute oral lesions or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, Having received antibiotics within 6 months or the need for antibiotic coverage during experiment, Being allergic to minocycline, No orthodontic treatment, A history of systemic diseases, Pregnancy, Smoker