Effects of Antioxidant Sugar vs Granulated Sugar on Metabolic Outcomes in Healthy and Cardio Metabolic Subjects (MSS)
Gene Expression, Cardiometabolic Risk, Metabolic Syndrome
About this trial
This is an interventional other trial for Gene Expression focused on measuring Antioxidant sugar, Gene Expression, Cardio metabolic risks, Education tool
Eligibility Criteria
Study 1:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Willingness to adhere to study protocol
- Healthy adults to be aged between 18 and 60 years in both genders
- Being non-smoker
- Body mass index (BMI) between 23 - 26.9 kg/m2 (overweight).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Present of any kidney, liver and/or inflammatory disease (inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatoid arthritis and etc.), thyroid disorder, diabetes (Type 1 & Type 2), cardiovascular or metabolic disease
- Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or with fasting blood glucose level that more than 5.2 mmol/L
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Alcohol consumption, food allergy
- Individuals who are on regular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and /or anti-obesity drugs, receiving any glucose lowering and/or lipid lowering medications
- Change in the diet and physical activity (significant weight changes during study period)
- Subjects who habitually consumed beverages rich in sugar such as milo, Teh tarik more than 500 ml, (as tested with the FFQ)
Study 2:
Candidates will be screened for:
- Cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol)
- Pregnancy or breast feeding
- Mental health status
- Daily total sugar intake
Inclusion Criteria:
- Malaysian, aged ≥18-59 years old
- Able to read, write and communicate well either in Malay or English
- Attained at least formal education level (secondary school and above)
- Able to use the gadgets and have access to the internet
- Presence with Cardiometabolic risk defines at least any of three out of five risk factors are present and the risk factors are:waist circumference (men: ≥90cm, women:≥80 cm); blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg); having diabetes mellitus or fasting blood sugar (≥5.6mmol/L); triglyceride (≥1.7 mmol/L) or high-density lipoprotein (men: <1.03 mmol/L, women: <1.3 mmol/L).
- Daily free sugar intake ≥10% of the daily energy intake
Exclusion Criteria:
- Unstable mental health referring to the DASS-21 score for Depression score ≥5; Anxiety score ≥4 and Stress score ≥8 (Ramli, Salmiah, Nurul Ain 2009)
- Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes defines as HbA1c of more than 8% or hypertriglyceridemia of > 10 mmol/L
- Presence with chronic diseases-related complications such as liver disease or stage 3 chronic kidney disease
- Reported abnormal thyroid stimulating hormones
- On current dietary program or medication for weight loss
- On cancer therapy
- Having physical disabilities
- Pregnancy or the desire to become pregnant in the next 3 months
Sites / Locations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm 5
No Intervention
Experimental
No Intervention
Experimental
Experimental
Study 1: Normal sugar
Study 1:Minimally refined brown sugar (MRBS)
Study 2: Normal sugar intake
Study 2: White sugar
Study 2: MRBS
Control group will be required to continue consuming normal sugar intake for 8 weeks.
Intervention group will be required to consume MRBS as added sugar based on their habitual diet for 8 weeks intervention.
- The control group will have no intervention and will continue with their normal daily intake for six months.
Intervention group I will be advised to reduce sugar intake to no more than 10% from total energy intake. Intervention group I will be given white sugar for daily usage. Participants in this group will be exposed to the nutrition education module (45 minutes per session, once a week) for six months, attend lecture classes and communicate with health educators through communication applications. For the first three months, one-to-one diet counseling will be conducted. Participants' intake of free sugar, as well as other nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fats, fibre and others) will be closely monitored to ensure compliance to dietary recommendations.
Intervention group II will be advised to reduce sugar intake to no more than 10% from total energy intake. Intervention group II will be given MRBS for daily usage. Participants in this group will be exposed to the nutrition education module (45 minutes per session, once a week) for six months, attend lecture classes and communicate with health educators through communication applications. For the first three months, one-to-one diet counseling will be conducted. Participants' intake of free sugar, as well as other nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fats, fibre and others) will be closely monitored to ensure compliance to dietary recommendations.