Effects of Rehydration During Physical Exercise on Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers

Rehydration during and after physical exercise is essential to avoid acute kidney injury. Soft drinks are commonly used during exercise. High intake of carbohydrates is leading to obesity and metabolic disorders. Fructose intake is leading to uric acid abnormalities and kidney injury. 30 healthy soccer players will be studied. During four training sessions subjects will intake 500 ml 7% soft drinks containing glucose, fructose, saccharose or xylitol. Changes in acute kidney injury markers, markers of kidney tubular function as well as changes in CRP, glucose, cholesterol and uric acid levels will be studied..

glucose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); fructose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); xylitol 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); saccharose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution)

glucose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); fructose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); xylitol 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); saccharose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution)

glucose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); fructose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); xylitol 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); saccharose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution)

glucose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); fructose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); xylitol 35 g (500ml of 7% solution); saccharose 35 g (500ml of 7% solution)

Intervention: rehydration with glucose solution. Glucose will be administered at a dose of 35 mg (500 ml of 7% solution) taken orally once, in the middle of soccer training session, at approximately 10.00 a.m. Intervention: rehydration with fructose solution. Fructose will be administered at a dose of 35 mg (500 ml of 7% solution) taken orally once, in the middle of soccer training session, at approximately 10.00 a.m. Intervention: rehydration with xylitol solution. Xylitol will be administered at a dose of 35 mg (500 ml of 7% solution) taken orally once, in the middle of soccer training session, at approximately 10.00 a.m. Intervention: rehydration with sucrose solution Saccharose will be administered at a dose of 35 mg (500 ml of 7% solution) taken orally once, in the middle of soccer training session, at approximately 10.00 a.m.

Change in urinary AKI biomarkers (urianry NGAL, urinary KIM -1, urinary cystatin-C) after physical exercise

Inclusion Criteria: age above 18 years well-trained soccer players informed consent Exclusion Criteria: chronic diseases, especially kidney problems sigificant changes in urinalysis creatinine level above normal values

Wolyniec W, Szwarc A, Kasprowicz K, Zorena K, Jaskulak M, Renke M, Naczyk M, Ratkowski W. Impact of hydration with beverages containing free sugars or xylitol on metabolic and acute kidney injury markers after physical exercise. Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 20;13:841056. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841056. eCollection 2022.