Effects of Repeated Memory Training on Memory Function and Addiction Related Processes

Prospective memory is the ability to implement an intention to the future (e.g. remember to take medication, attend a scheduled meeting), and has receive little attention in addiction. The investigators propose that prospective memory plays a critical, yet unrecognized, role in major human behavior change such as that required in addiction treatment. This study will determine the preliminary efficacy of prospective memory training in improving memory and executive functions while reducing illicit drug use in methadone patients. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: an experimental memory training program or one of two comparator memory training programs.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: an experimental memory training program or one of two comparator memory training programs.

Both the participant and the research assistant conducting the assessments will be blinded to group assignment.

The experimental memory training will be implemented as a computer program that uses state-of-the-art immersive technology to simulate prospective memory in everyday life in which one must remember to carry out tasks throughout the day, while engaging in current ongoing activity. Participants are asked to imagine they have a work-at-home job (ongoing activity), which is an independent program (CogMed QM) designed to train working memory, but that they also need to remember to carry out a number of tasks throughout the day. Using a touch screen, participants will need to touch objects in the simulated environment to appropriately interact with these stimuli according to their pre-assigned tasks.

The first comparator memory training intervention will utilize the same overall structure and immersive computer environment as the experimental memory intervention, but will not challenge the same aspects of cognition.

The second comparator memory training intervention will utilize the same overall structure and immersive computer environment as the experimental memory intervention, but will not challenge the same aspects of cognition.

Prospective memory will be evaluated within the program itself and measured as the percentage of correct responses within the program. Higher percentages are indicative of greater prospective memory performance.

Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-55; provision of written consent Enrolled in a substance use treatment program Sex with ≥ 2 partners in the last 30 days and sex without a condom on at least one occasion in the last year Exclusion Criteria: Severe psychiatric conditions associated with psychosis or any unstable psychiatric condition History of medical, psychiatric, or neurological conditions associated with significant cognitive impairment