Effects of Sensory Flicker and Electrical Flicker Stimulation
Brain Diseases
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Brain Diseases focused on measuring Sensory Flicker Stimulation, Electrical Flicker Stimulation, Neurophysiological Effects, Behavioral Effects, Brain circuits modulation, Steady-state evoked potentials
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult (>18 years, regardless of gender, race or ethnicity).
- To be implanted with intracranial depth or grid/strip electrodes for surgical evaluation.
- Patient was not shown, during phase I seizure monitoring, to exhibit abnormal EEG activity in response to photic stimulation, and is not clinically suspected to be susceptible to photic-induced seizures.
- Patient has no pre-existing diagnosis of autism.
- Patient is not considered at risk for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) triggered by sensory stimulation.
- Fluent in English.
- Able to understand an informed consent (comprehend potential risks and benefits).
- Give written and verbal informed consent to all experiments patient would participate in.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Failure to meet any one inclusion criteria.
Sites / Locations
- Emory University Hospital
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
Active Comparator
Sensory Flicker Stimulation
Electrical Flicker Stimulation
Patients will be exposed to Sensory Flicker Stimulation. In one experiment, patients will be exposed, for about 10 minutes at a time, to a sequence of sensory flicker trials each lasting a few seconds. Each trial may include the following modalities and frequencies of flicker: Modalities: auditory only, visual only, or audiovisual combined. Subjects may be exposed to individual pulses of light and/or sound (i.e. around or less than 1 pulse per second). Frequencies: random, or anywhere from 5Hz to 100Hz. Subjects may be exposed to sensory flicker at a given frequency or random frequency for up to 1h at a time In another experiment, patients will undergo a behavioral task in which they will be exposed to one of 2 flicker conditions on separate days. Comfortable parameters (e.g., light intensity and volume intensity) for the subject will be found. If such parameters cannot be found, exposure of the patient to visual and/or auditory stimuli will be stopped.
Patients will be exposed to direct electrical brain stimulation with low-amplitude current, at given flicker frequencies. Patients will be exposed to frequencies ranging from 5-100Hz, for up to 10 seconds at a time. Initially, frequencies of 5.5Hz and 40Hz will be tested. During brain stimulation sessions, bipolar electrical stimulation will be applied to one or more areas of the brain at a time either with or without associated behavioral task. Stimulation in the absence of any behavioral task will be applied in order to assess the subject's neurophysiological response to stimulation and to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for use during behavioral task. Stimulation during behavioral task will be applied in an attempt to affect the subject's behavior.