Effects of Water-Based Exercise in Women With Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of Water-Based Aerobic Training, Resistance Training and Concurrent Training in Women With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective of the present study was to compare the neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training, strength training and combined training in the aquatic environment in women with MS. For this purpose, 51 postmenopausal, sedentary and MS women were randomly divided into three intervention groups: hydro-aerobic (HA, n = 18, 63.77 ± 5.03 years), hydro-power (HF, n = 16, 61.01 ± 4.93 years) and hydro-combined (HC; n = 17; 60.52 ± 6.91). A subsample participated in eight weeks without physical exercise to characterize a control period. The three intervention groups performed two weekly sessions of 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Before and after the training period, blood tests, muscle strength tests, cardiorespiratory evaluation, functional tests and a questionnaire were performed. For statistical analysis, the Generalized Estimates Equations (GEE) model was used, using the "group" and the "time" as factors. The Bonferroni post hoc was used to locate the differences and the significance index adopted was α = 0.05.

Water-based exercise as a mode of aquatic exercise has been highlighted in the scientific literature. Research on different models of training, aerobic, muscle strength and combined (aerobic and muscle strength), have already demonstrated their beneficial effects on different physical abilities. Recent studies indicate benefits of water-based exercise for the population with metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias and obesity. However, for subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) there are few studies that investigated which training model in the aquatic environment could generate physical and metabolic improvements. This study is characterized as a randomized clinical trial, which treated three intervention groups with physical exercise programs. A subsample participated in a period of eight weeks without physical exercise to characterize a control period. The subjects in this subsample were later randomized into the intervention groups.

Participant: During the training period the subjects were not informed about the training modality they were performing and also were not informed about the modalities of the other subjects, only they were informed that hydrogymnastic sessions would be performed. Outcomes assessor:The team evaluating the outcomes was blinded, not receiving information about the intervention received by the subjects participating in the study

One repetition test: how many kilograms the subject is able to withstand on a repetition of elbow flexion and knee extension exercise

Maximum isometric amplitude of the electromyographic signal of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles

How long (in seconds) the subject needs to lift from a chair, walk 2.44 meters, and sit in a chair again

Inclusion Criteria: Postmenopausal; Sedentary; Presented at least three positive components within the five possible to characterize the metabolic syndrome. Exclusion Criteria: Smokers.