Effects of Wearable Technology and Smart Phone Applications Based Exercise Training in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of Wearable Technology and Smart Phone Applications Based Exercise Training in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of Wearable Technology and Smart Mobile Phone Applications Based Exercise Training and Supervised Exercise Training in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which supported exercise training through wearable technology and mobile application affects glycemic control in comparison to supervised exercise training in patients with Type-2 Diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which supported exercise training through wearable technology and mobile application affects glycemic control in comparison to supervised exercise training in patients with Type-2 Diabetes. Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-65 No other chronic condition No exercise training background Block Randomization according to age and sex. Confirmatory Outcome - Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Explanatory outcomes Flexibility Level of Physical Activity - IPaQ (METS) and accelerometer Hamstring / Quad strength - isokinetic Grip strength Respiratory function test - F1, FVC, F25, F75, F100 6MWT Balance - static, dynamic, proprioception, sit-to-stand balance Body Muscle Percentage - bioelectrical impedance analysis

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Physical activity, exercise behavior, exercise, smart phone, wearable technology, self-management, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Group 1: Wearable watch training group. 3 orientation session Watch notifies 3/week for exercise Benefits of watch: BP and movement sensors allow to validate if the patient has exercised. Videos for exercises. Trackable and notifiable if patients don't exercise. Group 2: Mobile application training group. 3 orientation session App notifies 3/week for exercise Benefits of app: Cheaper Trackable and notifiable if patients don't exercise. Group 3: Supervised exercise training in a fitness center for people with DM.

Aerobic exercises Strengthening exercises Stretching exercises Balance exercises Dose was increased as person is able to tolerate. Form:intervention is trackable and notifiable if patients don't exercise with smartwatch. Frequency:3/week Duration:12 weeks Dosage:Dose was increased as person is able to tolerate.

Aerobic exercises Strengthening exercises Stretching exercises Balance exercises Form:intervention is trackable and notifiable if patients don't exercise with smartphone Dose was increased as person is able to tolerate. Frequency:3/week Duration:12 weeks Dosage:Dose was increased as person is able to tolerate.

3 orientation session App notifies 3/week for exercise Benefits of app: Cheaper Trackable and notifiable if patients don't exercise.

It used as a diagnostic test for diabetes and as assessment test for glycemic control in people with diabetes. It comes in unit of percentage identifies how much glucose is carried on a certain amount of blood. We included people who have 6.5% or more which is the cut point for The International Diabetes Federation and the American College of Endocrinology.

The 6-min walk test (6 MWT) is a submaximal exercise test that entails measurement of distance walked over a span of 6 minutes

The forced vital capacity (FVC) is a measurement of the maximum volume of gas a patient can exhale as forcefully and quickly as possible after a maximal inspiration.Pulmonary function test used to determine forced vital capacity. Breathing multiple times into a spirometry, with regular and maximal effort, through a tube that is connected to a computer. The unit for this test is in volume (L). And it will be analyzed as a continuous variable.

Forced expiratory volume (FEV) measures how much air a patient can exhale during a forced breath. Pulmonary function test used to determine Forced expiratory volume.The amount of air exhaled is measured during the first (FEV1), second (FEV2), and/or third seconds (FEV3) of the forced breath. The unit for this test is in volume (L). And it will be analyzed as a continuous variable.

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used as a comparable and standardised self-report measure of habitual physical activity.

Accelerometer is a device that measures hours of physical activity in a week. The device was placed on the belt of the participants and was collected back after 7 days. Accelerometer collects data on the three-dimensional angles, which explains the direction, frequency, and magnitude of the movement. Total number of hours of physical activity is used to measure whether participants meet the optimal activity level recommended by physical activity guidelines.

The EARS enables the measurement of adherence to prescribed home exercise. This may facilitate the evaluation of interventions promoting self-management for both the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions.

The Behavioural Regulation In Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) and its subsequent modifications have become the most widely used measures of the continuum of behavioural regulation in exercise psychology research

The main goal is to lower LDL-cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol. Therefore, HDL and LDL were measured before and after the intervention to identify whether our program had an effect on the cholesterol level. The unit is mmol/L and it comes as a continuous variable.

Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in people' blood. It was also measured to estimate the extent to which our intervention had effect on the blood-fat level. The unit is mmol/L and it comes as a continuous variable.

Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-65 No other chronic condition No exercise training background Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria are a set of predefined condition that is used to identify subjects who will not be included or who will have to withdraw from a research study after being included.