Efficacy and Safety of Rheosorbilact® Solution for Infusion, in a Complex Therapy of Pneumonia

Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, With Blind Assessor, Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Rheosorbilact®, Solution for Infusion ("Yuria-Pharm"), in Comparison With Ringer's Lactate,Solution for Infusion, in a Complex Therapy of Pneumonia.

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of Rheosorbilact®, solution for infusion ("Yuria-Pharm" LLC), in comparison with Ringer's Lactate, solution for infusion, in a complex therapy of pneumonia. Half of participants will receive Rheosorbilact® in complex therapy, while the other half will receive Ringer's Lactate in complex therapy.

Rheosorbilact® has rheological, anti-shock, detoxification, and alkalizing effects. Sorbitol and sodium lactate are the major pharmacologically active ingredients. In the liver, sorbitol is first converted into fructose, which is then converted into glucose, and then into glycogen. Part of sorbitol is used for urgent energy needs, while the other part is kept as a reserve in the form of glycogen. Isotonic sorbitol solution has a disaggregating effect and, therefore, improves microcirculation and tissue perfusion. The management of metabolic acidosis with sodium lactate goes more slowly compared to bicarbonate solution, as far as sodium lactate enters the metabolic process; however the latter does not cause swings in pH values. The effect of sodium lactate is typically seen 20 to 30 minutes after administration. Sodium chloride is a plasma-substituting agent that exhibits a detoxification and rehydration effect. It replenishes the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions in various pathological conditions. Calcium chloride replenishes deficiency of calcium ions. Calcium ions are essential in the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, myocardial activity, bone tissue formation, and blood clotting. It reduces the permeability of cells and vascular walls, prevents the development of inflammatory reactions, enhances the resistance of the body to infections and can significantly boost phagocytosis. Potassium chloride restores the water-electrolyte balance. It exhibits a negative chrono- and bathmotropic action and, when administered in high doses, has a negative ino- and dromotropic and moderate diuretic effect. It is involved in the process of nerve impulse conduction, increases the content of acetylcholine and causes excitation of the sympathetic segment of the autonomic nervous system and improves the contraction of skeletal muscles in subjects with muscular dystrophy or myasthenia. Rheosorbilact® is administered to improve capillary blood flow for the prevention and treatment of traumatic, surgical, hemolytic, toxic and burn shock, acute blood loss, and burn disease; infectious diseases accompanied by intoxication, exacerbation of chronic hepatitis; sepsis, pre- and postoperative period to improve arterial and venous circulation for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, endarteritis, and Raynaud's disease. Ringer's Lactate, solution for infusion will be used as a comparator. As a rehydrating agent, Ringer's Lactate has a detoxification effect, replenishes the deficiency of circulating blood volume, and stabilizes the water and electrolyte composition of blood. Ringer's Lactate normalizes the acid-base balance. Lactate is metabolized in the body to bicarbonate, so the solution has an alkalizing effect. With osmolarity at 273 mOsm/l, Ringer's Lactate is close to isotonic solution and is indicated for hypovolemia, isotonic dehydration, and metabolic alkalosis.

Rheosorbilact® is administered as a part of the infusion therapy intravenously (with speed 40-60 drip per minute) at a dose of not more than 400 ml (6 to 7 ml/kg body weight per 24 hours). The period of the treatment with the study drug lasts 3 days.

Ringer's Lactate is administered as a part of the infusion therapy intravenously (with speed 40-60 drip per minute) at a dose of not more than 400 ml (6 to 7 ml/kg body weight per 24 hours).The period of the treatment with the active comparator lasts 3 days.

Rheosorbilact® is administered as a part of the infusion therapy intravenously (with speed 40-60 drip per minute) at a dose of not more than 400 ml (6 to 7 ml/kg body weight per 24 hours) for 3 days.

Rheosorbilact® is administered as a part of the infusion therapy intravenously (with speed 40-60 drip per minute) at a dose of not more than 400 ml (6 to 7 ml/kg body weight per 24 hours) for 3 days.

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is composed of scores of six organ systems: R-respiratory, C-cardiovascular, H-hepatic, Co-coagulation, Re-renal, and N-neurological graded from 0 to 4 according to the degree of dysfunction or failure. The SOFA score ranges from 0 to 24 points. We evaluate initial SOFA score and differences between subsequent scores (Δ-SOFA scores).

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation（APACHE) II score is calculated from a patient's age (0-6 points) and 12 physiological parameters (each item 0-4 points): AaDO2 or PaO2 (depending on FiO2), Temperature (rectal), Mean arterial pressure, pH arterial, Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Sodium (serum), Potassium (serum), Creatinine, Hematocrit, White blood cell count, Glasgow Coma Scale and chronic disease health status (0-5 points). The APACHE II score ranges from 0 to 71 points. We evaluate initial APACHE II score and differences between subsequent scores (Δ-APACHE II scores).

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

The SAPS II score is made of 17 variables: 12 physiology variables, age, type of admission (scheduled surgical, unscheduled surgical, or medical), and three underlying disease variables (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, metastatic cancer, and hematologic malignancy). The SAPS II score ranges from 0 to 160 points. We evaluate initial SAPS II score and differences between subsequent scores (Δ-SAPS II scores).

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

MODS (Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score) is composed of scores of six organ systems: R-respiratory, C-cardiovascular, H-hepatic, Co-coagulation, Re-renal, and N-neurological graded from 0 to 4 according to the degree of dysfunction or failure. The MODS score ranges from 0 to 24 points. We evaluate initial MODS score and differences between subsequent scores (MODS scores).

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

The Pneumonia severity index (PSI or PORT Score) for predicting the mortality in patients with pneumonia based on patients stratification into five classes of risk for death. The lowest risk class (risk class I) comprises patients who are younger than 50 years of age, have none of the five important coexisting illnesses and have normal mental status and normal or only mildly abnormal vital signs at presentation. Assignment to the remaining risk classes depends on the presence or absence of a set of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings. Total point scores of 70 or less correspond to class II, 71-90 to class III, 91-130 to class IV, and more than 130 to class V.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

The CURB-65 score for predicting the mortality in patients with pneumonia is an acronym for each of the six risk factors measured: confusion status, serum urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age. Each risk factor scores one point, for a maximum score of 5.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Platelet count level (billion/L) in blood serum after 8-hour fasting. 2. assessment of ECG parameters; 3.parameters of central hemodynamics; 4. mental status: consciousness, intelligence, behavior, neuromuscular disorders.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Calculated by dividing the number of myelocytes, young and stab neutrophils by number of segmented neutrophils.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Calculated by the formula of Kalf-Kalifa: correlation between the level of neutrophils and the content of other cells in the blood leukocytic composition.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Concentration of Interleukin-1 (pg/ml) and Interleukin-2 (pg/ml) in blood serum after 8-hour fasting.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

The GCS is composed of 3 components: ocular response (assessment 1-4 points), motor response (assessment 1-6 points) verbal response (evaluation of 1-5 points). Scores for each component are added together to get the total that will range between a minimum of 3 points (which corresponds to a patient who does not open his eyes and no motor response to stimulation or verbal response) and a maximum value of 15 points (corresponding to a patient with open eyes, obeying orders and maintaining a consistent language).

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Measurement of 12-lead ECG with further evaluation and interpretation whether the ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm are normal.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Number of participants with presence of clinical signs such as adynamia, weakness, memory impairment, sleep disorder, irritability, evaluated according to patient's subjective complaints.

Will be evaluated for the duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, at screening (Day 0) and Visit 3 (Day 3) of ICU stay.

Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged 18 to 45 years inclusive; Community-acquired pneumonia with a prescription from the beginning of antibacterial therapy no more than 48 hours; The risk class of pneumonia in the PSI/PORT index score is at least IV; Informed consent for participation in the study signed by subject's own hand. The baseline value of the SOFA scale ≥ 2 points. Non-inclusion criteria: Individual intolerance of the components of the study drug and reference preparation; Hypersensitivity to sodium lactate; Intravenous infusions of lactate- or sorbitol-containing products within 24 hours before enrollment; Severe renal dysfunction (creatinine is more than 300 μmol/l or estimated creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min); Pregnancy or breast-feeding; Metabolic alkalosis; Severe metabolic acidosis; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Any thromboembolism; Decompensated cardiovascular failure; Arterial hypertension III st; Conditions associated with immunodeficiency (the use of cytostatics or system steroids, AIDS, diabetes mellitus); Extracellular hyperhydration or hypervolemia; Severe renal insuffiency (with oliguria/anuria); Hyperkalemia; Hypercalcemia; Ascites associated with cirrhosis; Conditions associated with increased lactate levels (hyperlactatemia > 2 mmol / l), including lactic acidosis, or impaired lactate uptake (including due severe hepatic insufficiency); Concomitant therapy with cardiac glycosides. Exclusion Criteria: Infusion of the study drug or the comparator is started more than 12 hours after randomization; Lack of data for community-acquired pneumonia (diagnosis not confirmed); Withdrawal of the informed consent by the subject; Investigator considers that the infusion therapy with either study drug or comparator may not be continued for safety reasons; Development of conditions that prevent further use of the study drug/comparator before efficacy evaluation visit (Visit 3); Subject needs concomitant therapy prohibited in the study before efficacy evaluation visit (Visit 3); Development of conditions (including serious adverse events) which make it impossible to evaluate the primary endpoint; Confirmation of pregnancy at any time of the study.