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Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain Using the SPRINT System

Primary Purpose

Post-Amputation Pain, Phantom Limb Pain, Residual Limb Pain

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System
Sponsored by
SPR Therapeutics, Inc.
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Post-Amputation Pain focused on measuring electrical stimulation, neurostimulation, neuromodulation, post-amputation pain, phantom limb pain, residual limb pain, neuropathic pain, amputee pain

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Key Inclusion Criteria:

  • At least 18 years old
  • Traumatic lower extremity amputation(s)
  • Healed amputation and healthy residual limb based upon the investigator's evaluation

Key Exclusion Criteria:

  • Change of prescribed medications affecting pain within the past 4 weeks
  • Compromised immune system based on medical history
  • Implanted electronic device
  • Bleeding disorder
  • History of valvular heart disease
  • Confounding central nervous system injuries and disorders
  • History of recurrent skin infections

Sites / Locations

  • Arizona Pain
  • University of California San Diego
  • Denver Clinic for Extremities at Risk
  • International Spine, Pain and Performance Center
  • Holy Cross Hospital
  • Northwestern University
  • Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
  • Premier Pain Centers
  • Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management
  • Center for Clinical Research

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Sham Comparator

Arm Label

SPRINT Group 1

SPRINT Group 2

Arm Description

Subjects in Group 1 will have a Lead placed in the residual limb in the upper leg. These subjects will then use the SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System and will receive electrical stimulation for 8 weeks.

Subjects in Group 2 will have a Lead placed in the residual limb in the upper leg. These subjects will then use the SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System for a total of 8 weeks. They will receive 4 weeks of stimulation and 4 weeks with no stimulation.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Proportion of Group 1 (Treatment) and Group 2 (Control) Subjects That Achieved ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain in the First 4 Weeks of Treatment
Subjects completed daily diaries to record their average daily pain intensity scores for each qualifying region of pain (phantom limb pain and/or residual limb pain). These pain intensity questions were excerpted from the Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 5 (BPI-5). The BPI-5 is an 11-point numerical rating scale where 0 represents "No Pain" and 10 represents "Pain as bad as you can imagine." Post-amputation pain intensity scores were determined for each subject by taking the mean of the daily average pain intensity scores from their diaries at Baseline compared to the mean score for the same region(s) of pain reported over 4 weeks after the Start of Treatment (i.e., the average of all diary scores during this period). Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Missing diary data were replaced using 1-week BPI-5 recall; if recall scores were unavailable, baseline values were imputed.
Number of Subjects That Experienced at Least One Study-Related Adverse Event in Treatment and Control Groups
At each study visit following the baseline assessment at Visit 1, subjects were questioned if any changes in their medical status or condition had occurred since their previous visit. If the subject experienced a change that was an adverse event, an Adverse Event Form was completed by the site. The number of subjects that experienced at least one study-related adverse event is reported here.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Number of Group 1 (Treatment) Subjects That Experienced ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain During Weeks 5-8 Compared to Group 2 (Control) Subjects During Weeks 1-4
Subjects completed daily diaries to record their average daily pain intensity scores for each qualifying region of pain (phantom limb pain and/or residual limb pain). These pain intensity questions were excerpted from the Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 5 (BPI-5) on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Post-amputation pain intensity scores were determined by taking the mean of the daily average pain intensity scores at baseline and over weeks 5-8 post-start of treatment for Group 1 subjects and over weeks 1-4 post-start of treatment for Group 2 subjects. Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Missing diary data were replaced using the bi-weekly BPI-5 recall scores; if unavailable, the BPI-5 recall from the follow-up visit was used. The number of successes in each group is reported.
Proportion of Subjects That Experienced ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain at Months 3-12 Post-Start of Treatment
Subjects were asked to recall and rate their average pain intensity over the past week (BPI-SF question 5) for each qualifying area of pain (phantom and/or residual limb pain) on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. The average pain intensity score(s) at baseline were compared to the same region(s) of pain at monthly intervals from months 3-12 post-start of treatment (SOT). Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory, but are reported with this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Proportion of Subjects That Experienced ≥50% Reduction in Average Pain Interference With Daily Activities
Degree of post-amputation pain that interfered with 7 aspects of daily life was rated [scale (0 to 10) with higher scores indicating greater interference]. The 7 individual scores were averaged to provide an overall pain interference score. Pain interference questions (Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 9) were used for each qualifying area of pain (phantom and/or residual limb pain). Group 1 subjects: baseline average pain interference scores were compared to average pain interference scores for the same region(s) of pain at each monthly interval after the start of therapy. Group 2 subjects: baseline average pain interference scores were compared to their average score at the end of 4 weeks. Proportion of successes (subjects that experienced ≥50% reduction in average pain interference scores) is reported. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported here for ease of data entry and readability.
Proportion of Group 1 (Treatment) Subjects That Experienced ≥ 10-point Reduction in Pain Disability at Monthly Intervals Post-Start of Treatment Compared to Group 2 (Control) Subjects at Week 4 Post-Start of Treatment
The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a validated survey measuring the degree pain disrupts 7 categories of life activities on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater disability. The 7 scores were summed for each subject to provide an overall pain disability score. For Group 1 subjects, the baseline average PDI score was compared to PDI scores at monthly intervals. For Group 2 subjects, the baseline average PDI score was compared to their PDI score at the end of 4 weeks. The proportion of successes (subjects reporting ≥10 point reduction in PDI scores from baseline) are reported for Group 1 subjects. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Depression at Monthly Intervals After Start of Therapy
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a validated, 21-question survey used to measure depression severity. Question are rated on a scale from 0 to 3, and the scores from each question are totaled to provide an overall score ranging between 0 to 63. Scores from 0-13 indicate minimal depression, 14-19 mild depression, 20-28 moderate depression, and 29-63 severe depression. Group 1 subjects: baseline BDI-II score was compared to BDI-II scores at monthly intervals. Group 2 subjects: baseline BDI-II score was compared to their BDI-II score at the end of 4 weeks. The percent change from baseline to each monthly interval is reported. Certain timepoints for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Change in Opioid Analgesic Usage From Baseline
Changes in opioid analgesic usage were calculated using morphine equivalent dosing (MED) for subjects who were using opioid analgesics at baseline. Subjects completed daily diaries in which they tracked their use of analgesic medications. For Group 1 subjects, the mean daily MED from the baseline diary was compared to the mean daily MED during week 4 and week 8. For Group 2 subjects, the daily MED from the baseline diary was compared to the daily MED during week 4 only. The median percent change from baseline is reported. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Percent Change in Hours of Daily Prosthetic Usage
Subjects completed daily diaries in which they tracked the number of hours of their prosthetic usage. The 7-day mean prosthetic use was calculated for each subject from their baseline diary and compared to the 7-day mean from week 4 and week 8. The percent change from baseline was then calculated for each subject at each time point (i.e., 4-week median vs. baseline median and 8-week median vs. baseline median). A positive value indicates an increase in prosthetic usage.
Subject Satisfaction Survey
Subjects completed a sponsor-developed survey with questions pertaining to their feelings about therapy as delivered by the SPRINT Beta Stimulation System as a method for managing chronic post-amputation pain. Subjects were asked to report on their experience using the therapy. Depending on the question, subjects were asked to indicate their agreement with the question (strongly disagree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree), their comfort with the therapy (very uncomfortable, a little bit uncomfortable, fairly comfortable, very comfortable), or when pain relief was felt (immediately, a few minutes later, a few hours later, more than a day later or never). Responses are presented for key groups of questions related to the therapy whereby answer options are considered affirmative for strongly agree/agree, very easy/easy, very comfortable/comfortable.

Full Information

First Posted
November 18, 2013
Last Updated
March 25, 2020
Sponsor
SPR Therapeutics, Inc.
Collaborators
NDI Medical, LLC, United States Department of Defense
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT01996254
Brief Title
Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain Using the SPRINT System
Official Title
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Pilot Study of the SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System for the Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
March 2020
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
October 2013 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
January 28, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
January 28, 2019 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
SPR Therapeutics, Inc.
Collaborators
NDI Medical, LLC, United States Department of Defense

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if electrical stimulation (small levels of electricity) can safely and effectively reduce post-amputation pain. This study involves a device called the SPRINT System. The SPRINT System delivers mild electrical stimulation to nerves in the residual limb. The SPRINT System includes a small wire (called a "lead") that is placed through the skin in the upper leg. It also includes a device worn on the body that delivers stimulation (called the SPRINT Stimulator).

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Post-Amputation Pain, Phantom Limb Pain, Residual Limb Pain
Keywords
electrical stimulation, neurostimulation, neuromodulation, post-amputation pain, phantom limb pain, residual limb pain, neuropathic pain, amputee pain

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantOutcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
28 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
SPRINT Group 1
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Subjects in Group 1 will have a Lead placed in the residual limb in the upper leg. These subjects will then use the SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System and will receive electrical stimulation for 8 weeks.
Arm Title
SPRINT Group 2
Arm Type
Sham Comparator
Arm Description
Subjects in Group 2 will have a Lead placed in the residual limb in the upper leg. These subjects will then use the SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System for a total of 8 weeks. They will receive 4 weeks of stimulation and 4 weeks with no stimulation.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
SPRINT Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) System
Other Intervention Name(s)
SPRINT System, SPRINT, Smartpatch System, Smartpatch
Intervention Description
The SPRINT System is an Investigational Device which delivers mild electrical stimulation to nerves in the residual limb. The SPRINT System includes a small wire (called a "Lead") that is placed through the skin in the upper leg. It also includes a device worn on the body that delivers stimulation (called the SPRINT Stimulator).
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Proportion of Group 1 (Treatment) and Group 2 (Control) Subjects That Achieved ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain in the First 4 Weeks of Treatment
Description
Subjects completed daily diaries to record their average daily pain intensity scores for each qualifying region of pain (phantom limb pain and/or residual limb pain). These pain intensity questions were excerpted from the Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 5 (BPI-5). The BPI-5 is an 11-point numerical rating scale where 0 represents "No Pain" and 10 represents "Pain as bad as you can imagine." Post-amputation pain intensity scores were determined for each subject by taking the mean of the daily average pain intensity scores from their diaries at Baseline compared to the mean score for the same region(s) of pain reported over 4 weeks after the Start of Treatment (i.e., the average of all diary scores during this period). Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Missing diary data were replaced using 1-week BPI-5 recall; if recall scores were unavailable, baseline values were imputed.
Time Frame
Baseline and Weeks 1-4 Post-Start of Treatment
Title
Number of Subjects That Experienced at Least One Study-Related Adverse Event in Treatment and Control Groups
Description
At each study visit following the baseline assessment at Visit 1, subjects were questioned if any changes in their medical status or condition had occurred since their previous visit. If the subject experienced a change that was an adverse event, an Adverse Event Form was completed by the site. The number of subjects that experienced at least one study-related adverse event is reported here.
Time Frame
Each participant enrolled was assessed for adverse events from the time of informed consent through the 12-month follow up visit. The total assessment period was approximately 13 months for each participant.
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Number of Group 1 (Treatment) Subjects That Experienced ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain During Weeks 5-8 Compared to Group 2 (Control) Subjects During Weeks 1-4
Description
Subjects completed daily diaries to record their average daily pain intensity scores for each qualifying region of pain (phantom limb pain and/or residual limb pain). These pain intensity questions were excerpted from the Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 5 (BPI-5) on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Post-amputation pain intensity scores were determined by taking the mean of the daily average pain intensity scores at baseline and over weeks 5-8 post-start of treatment for Group 1 subjects and over weeks 1-4 post-start of treatment for Group 2 subjects. Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Missing diary data were replaced using the bi-weekly BPI-5 recall scores; if unavailable, the BPI-5 recall from the follow-up visit was used. The number of successes in each group is reported.
Time Frame
Baseline and Weeks 1-8 Post-Start of Treatment
Title
Proportion of Subjects That Experienced ≥ 50% Reduction in All Qualifying Areas of Pain at Months 3-12 Post-Start of Treatment
Description
Subjects were asked to recall and rate their average pain intensity over the past week (BPI-SF question 5) for each qualifying area of pain (phantom and/or residual limb pain) on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. The average pain intensity score(s) at baseline were compared to the same region(s) of pain at monthly intervals from months 3-12 post-start of treatment (SOT). Subjects that achieved ≥ 50% reduction in their qualifying area(s) of pain were considered successful. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory, but are reported with this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Time Frame
3-months Post-SOT, 4-months Post-SOT, 5-months Post-SOT, 6-months Post-SOT, 7-months Post-SOT, 8-months Post-SOT, 9-months Post-SOT, 10-months Post-SOT, 11-months Post-SOT, and 12-months Post-SOT
Title
Proportion of Subjects That Experienced ≥50% Reduction in Average Pain Interference With Daily Activities
Description
Degree of post-amputation pain that interfered with 7 aspects of daily life was rated [scale (0 to 10) with higher scores indicating greater interference]. The 7 individual scores were averaged to provide an overall pain interference score. Pain interference questions (Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form Question 9) were used for each qualifying area of pain (phantom and/or residual limb pain). Group 1 subjects: baseline average pain interference scores were compared to average pain interference scores for the same region(s) of pain at each monthly interval after the start of therapy. Group 2 subjects: baseline average pain interference scores were compared to their average score at the end of 4 weeks. Proportion of successes (subjects that experienced ≥50% reduction in average pain interference scores) is reported. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported here for ease of data entry and readability.
Time Frame
Baseline, 4-weeks Post-Start of Treatment (SOT), 8-weeks Post-SOT, 3-months Post-SOT, 4-months Post-SOT, 5-months Post-SOT, 6-months Post-SOT, 7-months Post-SOT, 8-months Post-SOT, 9-months Post-SOT, 10-months Post-SOT, 11-mo Post-SOT, & 12-mo Post-SOT
Title
Proportion of Group 1 (Treatment) Subjects That Experienced ≥ 10-point Reduction in Pain Disability at Monthly Intervals Post-Start of Treatment Compared to Group 2 (Control) Subjects at Week 4 Post-Start of Treatment
Description
The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a validated survey measuring the degree pain disrupts 7 categories of life activities on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater disability. The 7 scores were summed for each subject to provide an overall pain disability score. For Group 1 subjects, the baseline average PDI score was compared to PDI scores at monthly intervals. For Group 2 subjects, the baseline average PDI score was compared to their PDI score at the end of 4 weeks. The proportion of successes (subjects reporting ≥10 point reduction in PDI scores from baseline) are reported for Group 1 subjects. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Time Frame
Baseline, 4-weeks Post-Start of Treatment (SOT), 8-weeks Post-SOT, 3-months Post-SOT, 4-months Post-SOT, 5-months Post-SOT, 6-months Post-SOT, 7-months Post-SOT, 8-months Post-SOT, 9-months Post-SOT, 10-months Post-SOT, 11-mo Post-SOT, & 12-mo Post-SOT
Title
Depression at Monthly Intervals After Start of Therapy
Description
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a validated, 21-question survey used to measure depression severity. Question are rated on a scale from 0 to 3, and the scores from each question are totaled to provide an overall score ranging between 0 to 63. Scores from 0-13 indicate minimal depression, 14-19 mild depression, 20-28 moderate depression, and 29-63 severe depression. Group 1 subjects: baseline BDI-II score was compared to BDI-II scores at monthly intervals. Group 2 subjects: baseline BDI-II score was compared to their BDI-II score at the end of 4 weeks. The percent change from baseline to each monthly interval is reported. Certain timepoints for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Time Frame
Baseline, 4-weeks Post-Start of Treatment (SOT), 8-weeks Post-SOT, 3-months Post-SOT, 4-months Post-SOT, 5-months Post-SOT, 6-months Post-SOT, 7-months Post-SOT, 8-months Post-SOT, 9-months Post-SOT, 10-months Post-SOT, 11-mo Post-SOT, & 12-mo Post-SOT
Title
Change in Opioid Analgesic Usage From Baseline
Description
Changes in opioid analgesic usage were calculated using morphine equivalent dosing (MED) for subjects who were using opioid analgesics at baseline. Subjects completed daily diaries in which they tracked their use of analgesic medications. For Group 1 subjects, the mean daily MED from the baseline diary was compared to the mean daily MED during week 4 and week 8. For Group 2 subjects, the daily MED from the baseline diary was compared to the daily MED during week 4 only. The median percent change from baseline is reported. Certain time points for Group 2 (i.e., after crossover) were considered exploratory but are being reported within this outcome measure for ease of data entry and readability.
Time Frame
Baseline, 4-weeks Post-Start of Treatment (SOT), and 8-weeks Post-SOT
Title
Percent Change in Hours of Daily Prosthetic Usage
Description
Subjects completed daily diaries in which they tracked the number of hours of their prosthetic usage. The 7-day mean prosthetic use was calculated for each subject from their baseline diary and compared to the 7-day mean from week 4 and week 8. The percent change from baseline was then calculated for each subject at each time point (i.e., 4-week median vs. baseline median and 8-week median vs. baseline median). A positive value indicates an increase in prosthetic usage.
Time Frame
Baseline, 4-weeks Post-Start of Treatment (SOT), and 8-weeks Post-SOT
Title
Subject Satisfaction Survey
Description
Subjects completed a sponsor-developed survey with questions pertaining to their feelings about therapy as delivered by the SPRINT Beta Stimulation System as a method for managing chronic post-amputation pain. Subjects were asked to report on their experience using the therapy. Depending on the question, subjects were asked to indicate their agreement with the question (strongly disagree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree), their comfort with the therapy (very uncomfortable, a little bit uncomfortable, fairly comfortable, very comfortable), or when pain relief was felt (immediately, a few minutes later, a few hours later, more than a day later or never). Responses are presented for key groups of questions related to the therapy whereby answer options are considered affirmative for strongly agree/agree, very easy/easy, very comfortable/comfortable.
Time Frame
Visit 11 (8-weeks post-Start of Treatment (SOT))

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Key Inclusion Criteria: At least 18 years old Traumatic lower extremity amputation(s) Healed amputation and healthy residual limb based upon the investigator's evaluation Key Exclusion Criteria: Change of prescribed medications affecting pain within the past 4 weeks Compromised immune system based on medical history Implanted electronic device Bleeding disorder History of valvular heart disease Confounding central nervous system injuries and disorders History of recurrent skin infections
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Josh Boggs, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
SPR Therapeutics
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Arizona Pain
City
Scottsdale
State/Province
Arizona
ZIP/Postal Code
85258
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of California San Diego
City
La Jolla
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92093
Country
United States
Facility Name
Denver Clinic for Extremities at Risk
City
Denver
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
80218
Country
United States
Facility Name
International Spine, Pain and Performance Center
City
Washington
State/Province
District of Columbia
ZIP/Postal Code
20037
Country
United States
Facility Name
Holy Cross Hospital
City
Fort Lauderdale
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33334
Country
United States
Facility Name
Northwestern University
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60611
Country
United States
Facility Name
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
City
Bethesda
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
20889
Country
United States
Facility Name
Premier Pain Centers
City
Shrewsbury
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07702
Country
United States
Facility Name
Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10022
Country
United States
Facility Name
Center for Clinical Research
City
Winston-Salem
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27103
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
31740443
Citation
Gilmore CA, Ilfeld BM, Rosenow JM, Li S, Desai MJ, Hunter CW, Rauck RL, Nader A, Mak J, Cohen SP, Crosby ND, Boggs JW. Percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation implant provides sustained relief of chronic pain following amputation: 12-month follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Nov 17:rapm-2019-100937. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100937. Online ahead of print.
Results Reference
derived
PubMed Identifier
30954936
Citation
Gilmore C, Ilfeld B, Rosenow J, Li S, Desai M, Hunter C, Rauck R, Kapural L, Nader A, Mak J, Cohen S, Crosby N, Boggs J. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic neuropathic postamputation pain: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Jun;44(6):637-645. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100109. Epub 2019 Apr 5.
Results Reference
derived
Links:
URL
http://www.sprtherapeutics.com
Description
Sponsor's Website
URL
http://www.ndimedical.com
Description
Collaborator's Website

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Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain Using the SPRINT System

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