ENABLE CHF-PC (Comprehensive Heartcare For Patients and Caregivers) (ENABLE CHF PC)

Randomized Trial of ENABLE CHF-PC for Heart Failure Patients and Caregivers. (Comprehensive Heartcare For Patients and Caregivers)

Advanced heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans, and less is known about how this illness affects the 80% of heart failure patients who are 65 years and older because research tends to focus on younger patients. Older patients with heart failure and their family caregivers, rarely have access to palliative supportive care services because the disease is unpredictable and palliative treatment may not be provided until after other medical treatments have been tried. Investigators are studying whether palliative care provided when advanced heart failure patients are still well will result in better quality of life, mood and less symptom distress compared to usual or standard heart failure care. Specific Aims and Hypotheses: Specific Aim 1: Determine whether ENABLE CHF-PC leads to higher advanced heart failure patient-reported quality of life (QOL) and mood (depression/anxiety); and lower symptom burden and resource use (e.g. hospital admissions and days, emergency visits) through 16 weeks post baseline. • Hypothesis 1: Intervention participants will experience higher QOL and mood, and lower symptom burden and resource use through 16 weeks post baseline compared with those receiving usual HF care. Specific Aim 2: Determine whether ENABLE CHF-PC leads to higher caregiver-reported QOL, mood (anxiety/depression), and self-reported health and lower caregiver burden through 16 weeks post baseline. • Hypothesis 2: Intervention caregivers will report higher QOL, mood, and self-reported health, and lower caregiver burden through 16 weeks post baseline.

Usual heart failure care includes any available supportive care resources and heart failure patient medical management based on national HF guidelines.

ENABLE CHF-PC includes: In-person comprehensive Palliative Care Team (PCT) Consultation- as soon as feasible after enrollment. Palliative Care Nurse Coach (PNC) embedded within HF teams, instituting a phone-based 6-session patient and a 4-session caregiver curriculum followed by monthly phone-based supportive care for 48 weeks or patient death. The PNC uses the manualized curriculum: "Charting Your Course (CYC): An Intervention for Patients with Heart Failure and their Families". Usual Care: Usual heart failure care includes any available supportive care resources and heart failure patient medical management based on national HF guidelines.

Usual heart failure care includes any available supportive care resources and heart failure patient medical management based on national HF guidelines.

Patient Quality of Life as Measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Clinical Summary Score

Baseline patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) was measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Clinical Summary Score, a heart failure-specific 23-item instrument. The KCCQ consists of 4 clinical domains: symptoms - frequency & severity; Physical Limitation; Quality of Life and Social Limitation and captures the patient's perspective of heart failure. Clinical summary scores range from 0 to 100. Higher KCCQ scores indicate better perceived health status. KCCQ clinical summary scores greater than or equal to 50 indicate good QOL.

Patient Quality of Life as Measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Clinical Summary Score

Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) was measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) at 16 weeks. The KCCQ consists of 4 clinical domains: symptoms - frequency & severity; Physical Limitation; Quality of Life and Social Limitation and captures the patient's perspective of heart failure. Clinical summary scores range from 0 to 100. Higher KCCQ scores indicate better perceived health status. KCCQ clinical summary scores greater than or equal to 50 indicate good QOL.

Patient Quality of Life as Measured on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care Scale (FACIT-PAL-14)

Baseline patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) was measured on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care Scale (FACIT-PAL-14). Scores range from 0 to 56; higher scores indicate better quality of life.

Patient Quality of Life as Measured on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care Scale (FACIT-PAL-14)

Patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL) was measured on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care Scale (FACIT-PAL-14) at 16 weeks. Scores range from 0 to 56; higher scores indicate better quality of life.

Baseline patient & caregiver-reported mood - Anxiety - was measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). 7 items measure anxiety symptoms.Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.

Change from baseline in patient & caregiver-reported mood - Anxiety was measured on the HADS. 7 items measure anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.

Patient & Caregiver Mood - Depression - as Measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Baseline patient and caregiver-reported depression was measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). 7 items measure depression symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.

Patient & Caregiver Mood - Depression - as Measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Patient and caregiver-reported depression was measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at 16 weeks. 7 items measure depression symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.

Baseline caregiver-reported quality of life (QOL) was measured on the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS). Score range: 15-105; higher scores indicate higher quality of life.

Caregiver-reported quality of life (QOL) was measured on the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) at 16 weeks. Score range: 15-105; higher scores indicate higher quality of life.

Baseline caregiver-reported Objective burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB). This subscale measures the object burden, interference with the caregiver's day-to-day activities given caregiving demands. Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Caregiver-reported Objective burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB) at 16 weeks. This subscale measures the object burden, interference with the caregiver's day-to-day activities given caregiving demands.Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Baseline caregiver-reported Demand burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB). This subscale measures the demand burden or the strain among caregivers from meeting the needs of the care recipient. Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Caregiver-reported Demand burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB) at 16 weeks. This subscale measures the demand burden or the strain among caregivers from meeting the needs of the care recipient. Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Baseline caregiver-reported Stress burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB). his subscale indicates the stress burden or emotional stress from the demands of caregiving. Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Caregiver-reported Stress burden was measured on the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale (MBCB) at 16 weeks. This subscale indicates the stress burden or emotional stress from the demands of caregiving. Score range: 6-30, Greater than 23 indicates high burden.

Patient and Caregiver PHYSICAL Health Status as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health-10

Baseline patient- and caregiver-reported PHYSICAL health status was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health-10. The PROMIS SF Global Health-10 measures general domains of health including physical, mental, and social health, symptoms, overall quality of life. Summed scores for PROMIS measures are converted to T scores with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general US population; higher scores indicate better functioning.

Patient and Caregiver PHYSICAL Health Status as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health-10

Patient- and caregiver-reported PHYSICAL health status was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health at 16 weeks. The PROMIS SF Global Health-10 measures general domains of health including physical, mental, and social health, symptoms, overall quality of life. Summed scores for PROMIS measures are converted to T scores with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general US population; higher scores indicate better functioning.

Patient and Caregiver MENTAL Health Status as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health-10

Baseline patient- and caregiver-reported MENTAL health status was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health. The PROMIS SF Global Health-10 measures general domains of health including physical, mental, and social health, symptoms, overall quality of life. Summed scores for PROMIS measures are converted to T scores with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general US population; higher scores indicate better functioning.

Patient and Caregiver MENTAL Health Status as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health-10

Patient- and caregiver-reported MENTAL health status was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Short Form Global Health at 16 weeks. The PROMIS SF Global Health-10 measures general domains of health including physical, mental, and social health, symptoms, overall quality of life. Summed scores for PROMIS measures are converted to T scores with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general US population; higher scores indicate better functioning.

Patient Symptom Burden as Measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Symptom Items

Baseline patient-reported symptom burden was measured on symptom-based items from the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Higher KCCQ scores indicate better perceived health status. The KCCQ Symptom burden domain consists of 8 items and quantifies the frequency, severity and change over time with clinical symptoms in heart failure, including fatigue, shortness of breath, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and patients' edema/swelling. KCCQ symptom domain scores range from 0 to 100; A score of 50 is the threshold between unstable heart failure symptoms (<50) or stable heart failure symptoms (>=50).

Patient Symptom Burden Items as Measured on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Symptom Items.

Patient-reported symptom burden was measured on symptom-based items from the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) at 16 weeks. Higher KCCQ scores indicate better perceived health status. The KCCQ Symptom burden domain consists of 8 items and quantifies the frequency, severity and change over time for clinical symptoms in heart failure, including fatigue, shortness of breath, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and patients' edema/swelling. KCCQ symptom domain scores range from 0 to 100; A score of 50 is the threshold between unstable heart failure symptoms (<50) or stable heart failure symptoms (>=50).

Patient Pain Intensity as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 3-item Pain Intensity Scale

Baseline patient-reported PAIN INTENSITY was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale. Higher pain scores indicate more pain. Score range: 0-100; Scores greater than 50 indicate high pain.

Patient Pain Intensity as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 3-item Pain Intensity Scale

Patient-reported PAIN INTENSITY was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale at 16 weeks. Higher pain scores indicate more pain. Score range: 0-100; Scores greater than 50 indicate high pain.

Patient Pain Interference as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 2-item Pain Interference Scale

Baseline patient-reported PAIN INTERFERENCE was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale. Higher pain interference scores indicate more interference in daily life. Score range: 0-100; Scores greater than 50 indicate high pain.

Patient Pain Interference as Measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 2-item Pain Interference Scale

Patient-reported PAIN INTERFERENCE was measured on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale at 16 weeks. Higher pain interference scores indicate more interference in daily life. Score range: 0-100; Scores greater than 50 indicate high pain.

Baseline patient-reported health care utilization - Number of Days in Hospital, last two months - was measured on the Resource Use Questionnaire. This measure is an investigator-developed instrument to capture number of Inpatient days, ICU days, ED visits, hospice use, palliative care provider visits, AD completion, and DNR orders. The possible range of Days in Hospital is 0 Days to 60 Days (last/previous two months prior to this measure).

Patient-reported health care utilization - Number of Days in Hospital, last two months - was measured on the Resource Use Questionnaire at 16 weeks. This measure is an investigator-developed instrument to capture number of Inpatient days, ICU days, ED visits, hospice use, palliative care provider visits, AD completion, and DNR orders. The possible range of Days in Hospital is 0 Days to 60 Days (last/previous two months prior to this measure).

Patient Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits - as Measured on the Investigator-developed Instrument

Baseline patient-reported health care utilization - Number of Emergency Department Visits, last two months - was measured on the Resource Use Questionnaire. This measure is an investigator-developed instrument to capture number of Inpatient days, ICU days, ED visits, hospice use, palliative care provider visits, AD completion, and DNR orders. The possible range of Visits to ED is 0 Visits to 60 Visits (in the last/previous two months prior to this measure).

Patient Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits - as Measured on the Investigator-developed Instrument

Patient-reported health care utilization - Number of Emergency Department Visits, last two months - was measured on the Resource Use Questionnaire at 16 weeks. This measure is an investigator-developed instrument to capture number of Inpatient days, ICU days, ED visits, hospice use, palliative care provider visits, AD completion, and DNR orders. The possible range of Visits to ED is 0 Visits to 60 Visits (in the last/previous two months prior to this measure).

Inclusion Criteria: Able to read and understand English NYHF III/IV heart failure (physician-determined) Exclusion Criteria: Dementia or significant confusion (Callahan 6-Item Cognitive Screening score ≤ 3) DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or active substance use disorder) Patients will not be excluded if they do not identify a caregiver Uncorrectable hearing loss.

Wells R, Dionne-Odom JN, Azuero A, Buck H, Ejem D, Burgio KL, Stockdill ML, Tucker R, Pamboukian SV, Tallaj J, Engler S, Keebler K, Tims S, Durant R, Swetz KM, Bakitas M. Examining Adherence and Dose Effect of an Early Palliative Care Intervention for Advanced Heart Failure Patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Sep;62(3):471-481. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.01.136. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Stockdill ML, Dionne-Odom JN, Wells R, Ejem D, Azuero A, Keebler K, Sockwell E, Tims S, Burgio KL, Engler S, Durant R, Pamboukian SV, Tallaj J, Swetz KM, Kvale E, Tucker R, Bakitas M. African American Recruitment in Early Heart Failure Palliative Care Trials: Outcomes and Comparison With the ENABLE CHF-PC Randomized Trial. J Palliat Care. 2023 Jan;38(1):52-61. doi: 10.1177/0825859720975978. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Bakitas MA, Dionne-Odom JN, Ejem DB, Wells R, Azuero A, Stockdill ML, Keebler K, Sockwell E, Tims S, Engler S, Steinhauser K, Kvale E, Durant RW, Tucker RO, Burgio KL, Tallaj J, Swetz KM, Pamboukian SV. Effect of an Early Palliative Care Telehealth Intervention vs Usual Care on Patients With Heart Failure: The ENABLE CHF-PC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Sep 1;180(9):1203-1213. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2861.

Dionne-Odom JN, Ejem DB, Wells R, Azuero A, Stockdill ML, Keebler K, Sockwell E, Tims S, Engler S, Kvale E, Durant RW, Tucker RO, Burgio KL, Tallaj J, Pamboukian SV, Swetz KM, Bakitas MA. Effects of a Telehealth Early Palliative Care Intervention for Family Caregivers of Persons With Advanced Heart Failure: The ENABLE CHF-PC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Apr 1;3(4):e202583. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2583.

Wells R, Stockdill ML, Dionne-Odom JN, Ejem D, Burgio KL, Durant RW, Engler S, Azuero A, Pamboukian SV, Tallaj J, Swetz KM, Kvale E, Tucker RO, Bakitas M. Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends Comprehensive Heartcare for Patients and Caregivers (ENABLE CHF-PC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Aug 6;19(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2770-9.