search
Back to results

Evaluation and Re-evaluation of Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome by Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcomes

Primary Purpose

Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Egypt
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
questionnaires
Sponsored by
General Committee of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional diagnostic trial for Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome focused on measuring breast cancer, mastectomy, pain, syndrome, Assessment, EDGE task force, physiotherapy

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult)FemaleDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Chronic pain >= 3 months
  • Pain is localized to the chest wall or axilla.
  • The onset of pain is clearly after surgery or radiation therapy.
  • Pain is persistent, not fluctuating.
  • The patient is a minimum of 6 weeks post-radiation therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Time since surgery was less than 6 months.
  • The pain wasn't presented as an outcome, previous ipsilateral breast cancer, pregnancy, disease within the nervous system, psychiatric disease.
  • Time since diagnosis was less than 1 year.

Sites / Locations

  • Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer institution

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Label

Experimental group

Arm Description

Seven of the 22 pain measures demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and clinical utility and are thereby recommended for clinical and research use in adults with a diagnosis of cancer. Participants received Physical therapy program is critical to preserve flexibility, strength, range of motion, and normal neuromuscular recruitment. Patients' efforts to cut back their pain through avoidance behaviors can severely undermine function if mobility, activity of daily living, performance, or vocational capacity are affected. Physical therapy may involve trials of analgesic modalities like desensitization techniques, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and topical cold. Modality trials are rapid, relatively harmless, and inexpensive with the additional benefit that patients can self-administer effective treatments The pain management protocol of physiotherapy of PMPS depends mainly on education regarding the subsequent points that are paramount.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form
15-word descriptors that describe two dimensions of pain: sensory and affective.
Numeric Rating Scale
the most ordinarily used one is the 11-item version, the rating of pain from (0 - 10).
Visual Analog Scale
is a 10 cm-long horizontal line with the words "no pain" at one end and "pain as bad as it can be" at the other.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Brief Pain Inventory
There's a complete of 32 items on the Brief Pain Inventory, it describes pain interferes with 7 domains of function within the last 24 hours: general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with people, sleep, and pleasure of life using a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine).
Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form
is a tool developed specifically to be used in individuals with cancer.
McGill Pain Questionnaire
is a unique measure because it assesses pain using a multidimensional approach based on the gate control theoretical framework. contains three major classes of word descriptors: sensory, affective, and evaluative.
Pain Disability Index
is a multidimensional tool designed to measure the degree to of chronic pain affects an individual's ability to perform a variety of activities. The PDI contains seven categories: family/home responsibility, recreation, social activity, occupation, sexual behavior, self-care, and life support activity.

Full Information

First Posted
June 29, 2022
Last Updated
July 10, 2022
Sponsor
General Committee of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt
search

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05458154
Brief Title
Evaluation and Re-evaluation of Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome by Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcomes
Official Title
Evaluation and Re-evaluation of Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome by Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcomes: Clinical Measures of Pain After Pain Management Protocol of Physiotherapy
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
July 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
March 3, 2021 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
March 3, 2022 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
April 4, 2022 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
General Committee of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of the Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force is to provide physiotherapists with a comprehensive list of outcome measures that can be administered to a selected patient population, to assess post-mastectomy pain syndrome.
Detailed Description
Female breast cancer incidence rates are slowly increasing by about 0.5% each year since the mid-2000s, attributed a minimum of partially to continued declines in fertility and increases in excess weight. the best number of deaths are from cancers of the lung, prostate, and colorectum in men and of the lung, breast, and colorectum in women. Incidence from 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer. For women, breast cancer, and lung cancer, account for 51% of all new diagnoses, with breast cancer alone accounting for nearly one-third. According to the literature, the prevalence of chronic pain after breast cancer treatment varies from 25% to 60% in other countries. Survival rates for breast cancer vary worldwide, but normally, rates have improved. In most countries, the five-year survival rate of early-stage breast cancers is 80-90 percent, falling to 24 percent for breast cancers diagnosed at a more advanced stage. A systematic review evaluating risk factors for the event of persistent pain after surgery found that additionally to younger age, preoperative pain, intercostobrachial nerve damage during surgery, radiotherapy, also psychological morbidities are among the foremost frequently reported factors associated with chronic pain after breast cancer treatment. Surgery could be a mainstay of primary breast cancer therapy. Alterations in surgical technique have reduced normal tissue injury, yet pain and functional compromise continue to occur following treatment. Assa suggested that damage to the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) is also chargeable for the event of persistent pain arises from the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve and enters the axilla by perforating the second intercostal space and musculus serratus anterior within the midaxillary line. It then passes with considerable variability to the posteromedial border of the upper arm, leaving the ICBN in danger of harm during axillary surgery Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) could be a chronic pain condition, typically neuropathic, which might occur following surgery on the breast. Pain may be a common complication of breast cancer surgery. The event of chronic pain is one of the foremost frequently seen sequelae within the cancer survivor population. Persistent pain after mastectomy was first reported during the 1970s, characterized as a dull, burning, and aching sensation within the anterior chest, arm, and axilla, exacerbated by movement of the shoulder girdle. Although the pain related to breast cancer surgery includes different conditions (e.g., phantom-breast pain, pain around the mastectomy scar, or pain within the anterior chest wall). neuropathic pain due to intercostobrachial neuropathy-i.e. painful intercostobrachial neuropathy-is the foremost representative type of pain in breast cancer survivors The exact explanation for PMPS is unclear, but various etiological theories are postulated, including dissection of the intercostobrachial nerve, intraoperative damage to axillary nerve pathways, and pain caused by a neuroma, although evidence regarding the epidemiology of PMPS is growing, little is known about risk factors for the event of PMPS, or the long-term outcome of this chronic pain condition. the International Association for the Study of Pain has defined chronic pain as that persisting beyond the traditional healing time of three months. Chronic pain was defined as PMPS supported by three criteria: character, location, and timing of pain. The identical criteria for PMPS were used at both time points to make sure comparability. Pain location was recorded as the same side of surgery, chest wall, axilla, or ipsilateral arm. And "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage". As the lesion recovers or the threat disappears, the pain sensation should normally decrease. However, when the pain remains persistent after the traditional tissue healing process, it can be considered chronic. But, Neuropathic pain (NP), is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as ''pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system will be a vital source of disability and distress in breast cancer patients already laid low with the psychological and medical stressors related to diagnosis and treatment and has been considered the foremost important contributor to chronic breast pain. Neuropathic pain following breast surgery is often characterized by radiating pain, numbness, pins, and needles, burning, or stabbing. and is often related to paresthesia and hypersensitivity near the operative site. The development of postoperative neuropathic pain (NPP) is related to many psychosocial and medical stressors, and for several, it represents a failure to return to normal life The current literature shows that chronic pain is related to nerve damage associated with the surgical technique, adjuvant therapy (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy), and younger age. However, these findings are equivocal because there's a body of literature that found no association between chemotherapy and chronic pain. An important portion of breast cancer survivors needs to cope with complications and sequelae physical (lymphedema, neuropathy/pain, fatigue, menopausal symptoms, weight gain, etc.) and psychological nature (fear of recurrence, fear of death, change in body image, change in relationship, financial stress, etc.). These complications can arise during the treatment or can persist long after treatment cessation.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome
Keywords
breast cancer, mastectomy, pain, syndrome, Assessment, EDGE task force, physiotherapy

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Diagnostic
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Single Group Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
N/A
Enrollment
10 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Experimental group
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Seven of the 22 pain measures demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and clinical utility and are thereby recommended for clinical and research use in adults with a diagnosis of cancer. Participants received Physical therapy program is critical to preserve flexibility, strength, range of motion, and normal neuromuscular recruitment. Patients' efforts to cut back their pain through avoidance behaviors can severely undermine function if mobility, activity of daily living, performance, or vocational capacity are affected. Physical therapy may involve trials of analgesic modalities like desensitization techniques, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and topical cold. Modality trials are rapid, relatively harmless, and inexpensive with the additional benefit that patients can self-administer effective treatments The pain management protocol of physiotherapy of PMPS depends mainly on education regarding the subsequent points that are paramount.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
questionnaires
Intervention Description
Participants were recruited from the Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer institution. Patients were eligible if they had a previously post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), and were presented with pain within the surgical area lasting more than 3 months. They were evaluated by questionnaires and methods of pain assessment then received their physiotherapy program specific for pain relief for six sessions, and so re-evaluation. All women gave informed written consent in Arabic and English forms.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form
Description
15-word descriptors that describe two dimensions of pain: sensory and affective.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Numeric Rating Scale
Description
the most ordinarily used one is the 11-item version, the rating of pain from (0 - 10).
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Visual Analog Scale
Description
is a 10 cm-long horizontal line with the words "no pain" at one end and "pain as bad as it can be" at the other.
Time Frame
baseline
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Brief Pain Inventory
Description
There's a complete of 32 items on the Brief Pain Inventory, it describes pain interferes with 7 domains of function within the last 24 hours: general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with people, sleep, and pleasure of life using a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine).
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form
Description
is a tool developed specifically to be used in individuals with cancer.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
McGill Pain Questionnaire
Description
is a unique measure because it assesses pain using a multidimensional approach based on the gate control theoretical framework. contains three major classes of word descriptors: sensory, affective, and evaluative.
Time Frame
baseline
Title
Pain Disability Index
Description
is a multidimensional tool designed to measure the degree to of chronic pain affects an individual's ability to perform a variety of activities. The PDI contains seven categories: family/home responsibility, recreation, social activity, occupation, sexual behavior, self-care, and life support activity.
Time Frame
baseline

10. Eligibility

Sex
Female
Gender Based
Yes
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
70 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Chronic pain >= 3 months Pain is localized to the chest wall or axilla. The onset of pain is clearly after surgery or radiation therapy. Pain is persistent, not fluctuating. The patient is a minimum of 6 weeks post-radiation therapy. Exclusion Criteria: Time since surgery was less than 6 months. The pain wasn't presented as an outcome, previous ipsilateral breast cancer, pregnancy, disease within the nervous system, psychiatric disease. Time since diagnosis was less than 1 year.
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer institution
City
Giza
State/Province
Haram
ZIP/Postal Code
12555
Country
Egypt

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
35020204
Citation
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022 Jan;72(1):7-33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21708. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17629668
Citation
Kudel I, Edwards RR, Kozachik S, Block BM, Agarwal S, Heinberg LJ, Haythornthwaite J, Raja SN. Predictors and consequences of multiple persistent postmastectomy pains. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Dec;34(6):619-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.01.013. Epub 2007 Jul 16.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16942948
Citation
Poleshuck EL, Katz J, Andrus CH, Hogan LA, Jung BF, Kulick DI, Dworkin RH. Risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery: a prospective study. J Pain. 2006 Sep;7(9):626-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.02.007.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
18635381
Citation
Peuckmann V, Ekholm O, Rasmussen NK, Groenvold M, Christiansen P, Moller S, Eriksen J, Sjogren P. Chronic pain and other sequelae in long-term breast cancer survivors: nationwide survey in Denmark. Eur J Pain. 2009 May;13(5):478-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.05.015. Epub 2008 Jul 16.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11984096
Citation
Arman M, Rehnsfeldt A, Lindholm L, Hamrin E. The face of suffering among women with breast cancer-being in a field of forces. Cancer Nurs. 2002 Apr;25(2):96-103. doi: 10.1097/00002820-200204000-00003.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
19903919
Citation
Gartner R, Jensen MB, Nielsen J, Ewertz M, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery. JAMA. 2009 Nov 11;302(18):1985-92. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1568. Erratum In: JAMA. 2012 Nov 21;308(19):1973.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25220842
Citation
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):E359-86. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21435953
Citation
Andersen KG, Kehlet H. Persistent pain after breast cancer treatment: a critical review of risk factors and strategies for prevention. J Pain. 2011 Jul;12(7):725-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.12.005. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17457830
Citation
Cheville AL, Tchou J. Barriers to rehabilitation following surgery for primary breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2007 Apr 1;95(5):409-18. doi: 10.1002/jso.20782.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
4822897
Citation
Assa J. The intercostobrachial nerve in radical mastectomy. J Surg Oncol. 1974;6(2):123-6. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930060206. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
14965578
Citation
Cunnick GH, Upponi S, Wishart GC. Anatomical variants of the intercostobrachial nerve encountered during axillary dissection. Breast. 2001 Apr;10(2):160-2. doi: 10.1054/brst.2000.0226.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16470542
Citation
Loukas M, Hullett J, Louis RG Jr, Holdman S, Holdman D. The gross anatomy of the extrathoracic course of the intercostobrachial nerve. Clin Anat. 2006 Mar;19(2):106-11. doi: 10.1002/ca.20226.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
8880841
Citation
Wallace MS, Wallace AM, Lee J, Dobke MK. Pain after breast surgery: a survey of 282 women. Pain. 1996 Aug;66(2-3):195-205. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03064-3.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28502878
Citation
Andersen KG, Duriaud HM, Kehlet H, Aasvang EK. The Relationship Between Sensory Loss and Persistent Pain 1 Year After Breast Cancer Surgery. J Pain. 2017 Sep;18(9):1129-1138. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 11.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24799477
Citation
Glare PA, Davies PS, Finlay E, Gulati A, Lemanne D, Moryl N, Oeffinger KC, Paice JA, Stubblefield MD, Syrjala KL. Pain in cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Jun 1;32(16):1739-47. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4629. Epub 2014 May 5.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23789788
Citation
Ahmed A, Bhatnagar S, Rana SP, Ahmad SM, Joshi S, Mishra S. Prevalence of phantom breast pain and sensation among postmastectomy patients suffering from breast cancer: a prospective study. Pain Pract. 2014 Feb;14(2):E17-28. doi: 10.1111/papr.12089. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2780072
Citation
Vecht CJ, Van de Brand HJ, Wajer OJ. Post-axillary dissection pain in breast cancer due to a lesion of the intercostobrachial nerve. Pain. 1989 Aug;38(2):171-6. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90235-2.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12855309
Citation
Jung BF, Ahrendt GM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH. Neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery: proposed classification and research update. Pain. 2003 Jul;104(1-2):1-13. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00241-0. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
15655557
Citation
Macdonald L, Bruce J, Scott NW, Smith WC, Chambers WA. Long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors with post-mastectomy pain syndrome. Br J Cancer. 2005 Jan 31;92(2):225-30. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602304.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28799015
Citation
Leysen L, Beckwee D, Nijs J, Pas R, Bilterys T, Vermeir S, Adriaenssens N. Risk factors of pain in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2017 Dec;25(12):3607-3643. doi: 10.1007/s00520-017-3824-3. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
18003941
Citation
Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1630-5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23273105
Citation
Haroutiunian S, Nikolajsen L, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS. The neuropathic component in persistent postsurgical pain: a systematic literature review. Pain. 2013 Jan;154(1):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.09.010.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23059501
Citation
Borsook D, Kussman BD, George E, Becerra LR, Burke DW. Surgically induced neuropathic pain: understanding the perioperative process. Ann Surg. 2013 Mar;257(3):403-12. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182701a7b.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7644250
Citation
Stevens PE, Dibble SL, Miaskowski C. Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of postmastectomy pain syndrome: an investigation of women's experiences. Pain. 1995 Apr;61(1):61-68. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00162-8.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17420400
Citation
Jensen MP, Chodroff MJ, Dworkin RH. The impact of neuropathic pain on health-related quality of life: review and implications. Neurology. 2007 Apr 10;68(15):1178-82. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000259085.61898.9e.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16213086
Citation
Jung BF, Herrmann D, Griggs J, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH. Neuropathic pain associated with non-surgical treatment of breast cancer. Pain. 2005 Nov;118(1-2):10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.09.014. Epub 2005 Oct 4. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21711155
Citation
Befort CA, Klemp J. Sequelae of breast cancer and the influence of menopausal status at diagnosis among rural breast cancer survivors. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Sep;20(9):1307-13. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2308. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
Results Reference
background
Citation
30. Miale S, Harrington S, Kendig T. Oncology Section Task Force on Breast Cancer Outcomes: Clinical measures of upper extremity function. Rehabil Oncol. 2013;31(1):27-34.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
27668333
Citation
Waltho D, Rockwell G. Post-breast surgery pain syndrome: establishing a consensus for the definition of post-mastectomy pain syndrome to provide a standardized clinical and research approach - a review of the literature and discussion. Can J Surg. 2016 Sep;59(5):342-50. doi: 10.1503/cjs.000716.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
33329999
Citation
Chappell AG, Bai J, Yuksel S, Ellis MF. Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome: Defining Perioperative Etiologies to Guide New Methods of Prevention for Plastic Surgeons. World J Plast Surg. 2020 Sep;9(3):247-253. doi: 10.29252/wjps.9.3.247.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11020770
Citation
Perkins FM, Kehlet H. Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery. A review of predictive factors. Anesthesiology. 2000 Oct;93(4):1123-33. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00038. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
10506676
Citation
Smith WC, Bourne D, Squair J, Phillips DO, Chambers WA. A retrospective cohort study of post mastectomy pain syndrome. Pain. 1999 Oct;83(1):91-5. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00076-7.
Results Reference
background
Citation
35. Keith R. Lohse, PhD, Catherine E. Lang, PT PhD, and Lara A. Boyd PP, Hendrix, Abernethy, Sloane, Misuraca & M. 基因的改变NIH Public Access. Bone. 2013;23(1):1-7.
Results Reference
background
Citation
36. Smith BG, Head JSLC opinion in otolaryngology, 2010. The role of lymphedema management in head and neck cancer. NcbiNlmNihGov [Internet]. 2017;32(1):1-18. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111092/
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24703940
Citation
Schou Bredal I, Smeby NA, Ottesen S, Warncke T, Schlichting E. Chronic pain in breast cancer survivors: comparison of psychosocial, surgical, and medical characteristics between survivors with and without pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014 Nov;48(5):852-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.12.239. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25307709
Citation
Andersen KG, Aasvang EK, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Intercostobrachial nerve handling and pain after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Nov;58(10):1240-8. doi: 10.1111/aas.12393.
Results Reference
background
Citation
40. St. Louis MS. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Elsevier..(3rd ed.). 2009.
Results Reference
background
Citation
41. Sleigh BC MB. Lymphedema. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 . [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537239/
Results Reference
background
Citation
42. Lymphoedema. [Internet]. Physiopedia. 2021. Available from: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lymphoedema
Results Reference
background
Citation
43. American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. /www.cancer.org/> [Internet]. Cancer.org. 2021. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/
Results Reference
background
Citation
44. April U. Oncology Section EDGE Task Force Report Summaries Colon Cancer Outcomes Authors Urogenital Cancer Outcome Measures. 2018;(August 2015):1-10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
8604852
Citation
Ho K, Spence J, Murphy MF. Review of pain-measurement tools. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Apr;27(4):427-32. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70223-8. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
1896208
Citation
Lowe NK, Walker SN, MacCallum RC. Confirming the theoretical structure of the McGill Pain Questionnaire in acute clinical pain. Pain. 1991 Jul;46(1):53-60. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90033-T.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7784105
Citation
De Gagne TA, Mikail SF, D'Eon JL. Confirmatory factor analysis of a 4-factor model of chronic pain evaluation. Pain. 1995 Feb;60(2):195-202. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00114-T.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
1026900
Citation
Scott J, Huskisson EC. Graphic representation of pain. Pain. 1976 Jun;2(2):175-84. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11719741
Citation
Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;38(6):633-8. doi: 10.1067/mem.2001.118863.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
3785962
Citation
Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986 Oct;27(1):117-126. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
14622723
Citation
Jensen MP. The validity and reliability of pain measures in adults with cancer. J Pain. 2003 Feb;4(1):2-21. doi: 10.1054/jpai.2003.1.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7267140
Citation
Kremer E, Atkinson HJ, Ignelzi RJ. Measurement of pain: patient preference does not confound pain measurement. Pain. 1981 Apr;10(2):241-248. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(81)90199-8.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21143767
Citation
Fernandez-Lao C, Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Del-Moral-Avila R, Menjon-Beltran S, Arroyo-Morales M. Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity as a sign of central sensitization after breast cancer surgery: comparison between mastectomy and lumpectomy. Pain Med. 2011 Jan;12(1):72-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.01027.x. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7838588
Citation
Jensen MP, Turner JA, Romano JM. What is the maximum number of levels needed in pain intensity measurement? Pain. 1994 Sep;58(3):387-392. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90133-3.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
10534586
Citation
Jensen MP, Turner JA, Romano JM, Fisher LD. Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures. Pain. 1999 Nov;83(2):157-62. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00101-3.
Results Reference
background

Learn more about this trial

Evaluation and Re-evaluation of Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome by Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcomes

We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs