Evaluation of Substance P Neurotransmission in Panic Disorder by PET Imaging of NK1 Receptors With [18F]SPA-RQ

INCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 1) Whole Body Imaging Healthy Adults ages 18-50 EXCLUSION CRITERIA (Phase 1) Whole Body Imaging History of psychiatric disease, substance dependence or traumatic brain injury, severe systemic disease, poor vision or hearing History of substance abuse within 6 months Abnormal laboratory tests, including HIV test Any prior participation in other research protocols involving radiation exposure within the past year Prior participation in other research protocols within the past year such that a radiation exposure together with the present study would exceed the annual limits. Limits: A total effective dose 2.5 rem in a year and 2.5 rad per year to the lens of the eyes, gonads and blood-forming organs; and 7.5 rad annually for all other organs. Pregnancy and Breast Feeding. Positive HIV test INCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 2) Kinetic Ages 18-50 Male or Female Informed consent given Subjects who regularly consume caffeinated beverages. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 2) Kinetic DSM-IV Axis I diagnostic criteria such as history of, or current Dx ADHD, mood/anxiety disorder, alcohol or psychoactive substance abuse/dependence Psychotropic medication or other drugs that may cross the blood brain barrier Traumatic brain injury, severe systemic disease Abnormal MRI other than minor atrophy Abnormal laboratory tests, including HIV test Claustrophobia Pregnancy or breast feeding Prior participation in other research protocols within the past year such that a radiation exposure together with the present study would exceed the annual limits. Limits: A total effective dose or 5.0 rem in a year Any condition that increases risk for MRI (e.g., pacemaker, metallic foreign body in the eye, etc.) Single radial and ulnar arterial circulation Individuals who recently donated blood Unable to lay on one's back for PET/MRI scans Novocaine allergy Positive HIV test INCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 3A) Challenge For Patients: Ages 18-65. DSM IV criteria for Panic Disorder Informed consent given. Subjects who regularly consume caffeinated beverages. For Controls: Ages 18-65. Informed consent given. Subjects who regularly consume caffeinated beverages. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 3A) Challenge For Patients and Controls: Current diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence History of substance dependence Psychotropic medication in last 3 weeks (8 weeks for fluoxetine/Prozac) except for benzodiazepene during PET or MRI scans Abnormal MRI other than minor atrophy Abnormal laboratory tests, including HIV test Pulmonary disease (e.g. COPD, asthma) Claustrophobia History of hypertension, coronary artery disease and subjects who are taking sympathomimetic medications Pregnancy or breastfeeding Prior participation in other research protocols within the past year such that a radiation exposure together with the present study would exceed the annual limits. Limits: A total effective dose or 5.0 rem in a year Unable to lay on one's back for PET/MRI scans Any condition that increases risk for MRI (e.g., pacemaker, metallic foreign body in the eye, etc.) INCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 3B) Comparative For Patients: Ages 18-65. DSM IV criteria for Panic Disorder Informed consent given. Subjects who regularly consume caffeinated beverages. For Controls: Ages 18-65. Informed consent given. Subjects who regularly consume caffeinated beverages. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (Phase 3B) Comparative For Patients and Controls: Current diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence History of substance dependence Psychotropic medication in last 3 weeks (8 weeks for fluoxetine/Prozac) except for benzodiazepene during PET or MRI scans Abnormal MRI other than minor atrophy Abnormal laboratory tests, including HIV test Pulmonary disease (e.g. COPD) Claustrophobia History of hypertension, coronary artery disease and subjects who are taking sympathomimetic medications Pregnancy or breastfeeding Prior participation in other research protocols within the past year such that a radiation exposure together with the present study would exceed the annual limits. Limits: A total effective dose or 5.0 rem in a year Unable to lay on one's back for PET/MRI scans Any condition that increases risk for MRI (e.g., pacemaker, metallic foreign body in the eye, etc.)