Changes in maternal oxygen consumption, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline maternal oxygen consumption (VO2; ml/min), including the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) values in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using stationary respiratory gas analyzer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in maternal heart rate, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline heart rate (HR; beats per minute), including the maximal HR values, in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using heart rate monitor. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in systolic blood pressure, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP; mm Hg), in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using electronic blood pressure monitor. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in diastolic blood pressure, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline maternal diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mm Hg), in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using electronic blood pressure monitor. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in blood glucose level, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in glucose levels (mg/dl) the blood samples will be taken on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately (approx. 1 min) after completion the test and approx. 40 min. after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in triglycerides, during and after pregnancy
Changes in triglycerides (TG; mg/dl) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in high-density lipoproteins, during and after pregnancy
Changes in high-density lipoproteins (HDL; mg/dl) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in urea, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in urea levels (ml/dl), the study participants will collect urine samples to standard urine containers on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately after completion the test (up to 15 min) and approx. 60 min after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to renal function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in creatinine, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in creatinine levels (ml/dl), the study participants will collect urine samples to standard urine containers on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately after completion the test (up to 15 min) and approx. 60 min after the test. The investigators will analyze the changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to renal function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal weight, during and after pregnancy
Changes in maternal weight will be expressed in kilograms (kg). The investigators will analyze the changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal Body Mass Index during and after pregnancy
Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles, during and after pregnancy
The neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles (µV) will be evaluated with surface electromyography with a vaginal probe, in the condition of synergistic muscle relaxation. The investigators will analyze the changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to pelvic floor function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire score, during and after pregnancy
The urinary incontinence symptoms will be assessed using the scale of incontinence impact on the quality of life based on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - short form (Uebersax et al., 1995; IIQ-7 score; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 100; higher scores mean worse outcome). The investigators will analyze the changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to pelvic floor function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the Urogenital Distress Inventory score, during and after pregnancy
The pelvic floor disorders will be assessed using the scale based on the Urogenital Distress Inventory - short form questionnaire (Uebersax et al., 1995; UDI - 6 score; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 100; higher scores mean worse outcome). The investigators will analyze the changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to pelvic floor function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the inter-rectus distance, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the inter-rectus distance (IRD, mm) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the center of pressure excursions (static balance), during and after pregnancy
The changes in the excursions of the center of pressure (COP; mm) will be measured in standing position using a specialized force platform. The changes in the static balance will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in lumbar spine mobility, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the lumbar spine mobility (°) will be measured in standing position using specialized motion detectors and software. The changes lumbar spine mobility will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in cervical spine mobility, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the cervical spine mobility (°) will be measured in sitting position using specialized motion detectors and software. The changes lumbar spine mobility will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in foot loading, during and after pregnancy
The changes in foot loading (kPa) will be measured in standing position using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: step length, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the step length (m) will be measured in walking using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: step width, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the step width (m) will be measured in walking using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the hand grip strength, during and after pregnancy
The hand muscle strength (kg) will be assessed using the electronic hand grip dynamometer. The participant will perform the test separately for the right and left hands.
Changes in the pressure pain tolerance in the hand area, during and after pregnancy
The pressure pain tolerance (PTOL) will be assessed using a computerized pressure algometer in the hand area. The PTOL will be expressed in the value of applied pressure (kPa). The pain test will be performed before and immediately (up to 15 minutes) after the maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer.
The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the pressure pain tolerance in the forearm area, during and after pregnancy
The pressure pain tolerance (PTOL) will be assessed using a computerized pressure algometer in the forearm area. The PTOL will be expressed in the value of applied pressure (kPa). The pain test will be performed before and immediately (up to 15 minutes) after the maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in number of errors in the Stroop Interference test (version S8: congruent/incongruent), during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in reaction time based on the Stroop Interference test (version S8: congruent/incongruent), during and after pregnancy
The time spent to complete each task, as well as the total time (s) to complete the Stroop Interference test will be assessed. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the Beck Depression Inventory - II score, during and after pregnancy
The occurrence and severity of depression symptoms using the scale of the Beck Depression Inventory - II (Beck et al., BDI -II score; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 63; higher scores mean worse outcome).The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the Fear of Childbirth questionnaire scores, during and after pregnancy
The fear of childbirth will be assessed using a scale based on the Fear of Childbirth scale questionnaire (Areskog et al., 1992; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 63; higher scores mean worse outcome). The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in cortisol level in hair, during and after pregnancy
The cortisol level (pg/mg) will be determined from a hair sample as a marker of permanent stress. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Complications of pregnancy: gestational diabetes mellitus
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Complications of pregnancy: gestational hypertension
The incidence of gestational hypertension (GH; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Complications of pregnancy: preeclampsia
The incidence of preeclampsia (PE; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Complications of fetal development: fetal growth restriction
The incidence of fetal growth restriction (FGR; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Complications of fetal development: fetal macrosomia
The incidence of fetal macrosomia (FM; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: type of delivery
The type of delivery (vaginal delivery, cesarean section, instrumental delivery; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: new-born's birth weight
The new-born's birth weight (g) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: new-born's length
The new-born's length (cm) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: APGAR score
The APGAR score (the newborn's appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration score; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 10; higher scores mean better outcome) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childhood outcomes: changes in body weight
The changes in children's body weight (kg) will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Childhood outcomes: changes in body height
The changes in children's body height (cm) will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Childhood outcomes: changes in Body Mass Index
The changes in children's Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2) will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Childhood outcomes: changes in systolic blood pressure
The changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP; mm Hg) in children will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Childhood outcomes: changes in diastolic blood pressure
The changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mm Hg) in children will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Changes in maternal carbon dioxide production, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline carbon dioxide production (VCO2; ml/min) in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using stationary respiratory gas analyzer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in maternal minute ventilation, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline maternal minute ventilation (VE; l/min), including the maximal minute ventilation (VEmax) values in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using stationary respiratory gas analyzer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in maternal respiratory rate, during and after pregnancy
Changes from the baseline maternal respiratory rate (RR; breaths per min) in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load, using stationary respiratory gas analyzer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in maternal exercise capacity, expressed in administered load, during and after pregnancy
Changes in administered load (W) in a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer with electronically regulated load. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters.
Changes in total cholesterol, during and after pregnancy
Changes in total cholesterol (TC; mg/dl) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in low-density lipoproteins, during and after pregnancy
Changes in low-density lipoproteins (LDL; mg/dl) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in insulin concentration, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in insulin concentration (ng/ml), the samples will be taken on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately (approx. 1 min) after completion the test and approx. 40 min. after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in irisin concentration, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in irisin concentration (ng/ml); the samples will be taken on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately (approx. 1 min) after completion the test and approx. 40 min. after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in leptin concentration, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in leptin concentration (ng/ml); the samples will be taken on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately (approx. 1 min) after completion the test and approx. 40 min. after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameter, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in adiponectin concentration, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in adiponectin concentration (ng/ml); the samples will be taken on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately (approx. 1 min) after completion the test and approx. 40 min. after the test. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameter, potentially related to metabolism and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in albumin, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in albumin levels (mg/l), the study participants will collect urine samples to standard urine containers on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately after completion the test (up to 15 min) and approx. 60 min after the test. The serum albumin levels will be also determined. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to renal function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in sodium, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in sodium levels (mmol/l), the study participants will collect urine samples to standard urine containers on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately after completion the test (up to 15 min) and approx. 60 min after the test. The serum sodium levels will be also determined. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to renal function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in potassium, during and after pregnancy
To assess the changes in potassium levels (mmol/l), the study participants will collect urine samples to standard urine containers on the day of the maximal exercise capacity test before the test (at fasting condition), immediately after completion the test (up to 15 min) and approx. 60 min after the test. The serum sodium levels will be also determined. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to renal function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal amount of body fat, during and after pregnancy
Changes in maternal amount of body fat (%) will be assessed using the electrical bioimpedance method. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal lean body mass, during and after pregnancy
Changes in maternal lean body mass (%) will be assessed using the electrical bioimpedance method. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal skeletal muscle mass, during and after pregnancy
Changes in maternal skeletal muscle mass (%) will be assessed using the electrical bioimpedance method. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameters in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameter, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal body water, during and after pregnancy
Changes in maternal skeletal body water (%) will be assessed using the electrical bioimpedance method. The investigators will analyze changes in this parameter in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the technique of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction, during and after pregnancy
The technique of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction (Szumilewicz et al. 2019; technique scores using 1-4 scale; minimum score: 1; maximum score: 4; higher scores mean better outcome) will be evaluated using surface electromyography with a vaginal probe. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to pelvic floor function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in maternal neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles in contractions combining pelvic floor and synergistic muscles, during and after pregnancy
The neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles (µV) will be evaluated with surface electromyography with a vaginal probe, in the condition of synergistic muscle activation.The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to pelvic floor function and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the Oswestry Disability Index, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will assess the occurrence and severity of back pain and its impact of the everyday life using the scale of the Oswestry Disability Index (Fairbank and Pynsent, 2000; ODI score; minimum score: 0; maximum score: 50; higher scores mean worse outcome). This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: gait speed, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the gait speed (m/s) will be measured in walking using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: stride duration, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the stride duration (s) will be measured in walking using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: stance duration, during and after pregnancy
The changes in the stance duration (s) will be measured in walking using plantar pressure measurements platform and software. This outcome will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and in relation to other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the SF-12 Physical Score, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will use the scale of Physical and Mental Health Status based on the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire (Gandek et al., 1998; PCS-12; minimum score: 24; maximum score: 57; higher scores mean better outcome). The Physical Score will be analyzed in relation to various intervention modes during the perinatal period.
Changes in the SF-12 Mental Score, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will use the scale of Physical and Mental Health Status based on the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire (Gandek et al., 1998; MCS-12; minimum score: 19; maximum score: 61; higher scores mean better outcome). The Mental Score will be analyzed in relation to various intervention modes during the perinatal period.
Changes in the Flourishing Scale score, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will use The Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009; SF score; minimum score: 8; maximum score: 56; higher scores mean better outcome) to analyze the psychosocial aspects of participation in physical activity during the perinatal period.
Changes in the Fear of COVID-19 Scale score during and after pregnancy
The investigators will use The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (Ahorsu et al., 2020; FCV-19S score; minimum score: 7; maximum score: 35; higher scores mean worse outcome)) will be assessed. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the pressure pain threshold in the hand area, during and after pregnancy
The pressure pain tolerance (PPT) will be assessed using a computerized pressure algometer in the hand area. The PPT will be expressed in the value of applied pressure (kPa). The pain test will be performed before and immediately (up to 15 minutes) after the maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer. The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in the pressure pain threshold in the forearm area, during and after pregnancy
The pressure pain tolerance (PPT) will be assessed using a computerized pressure algometer in the forearm area. The PPT will be expressed in the value of applied pressure (kPa). The pain test will be performed before and immediately (up to 15 minutes) after the maximal exercise test on a cycloergometer.
The investigators will analyze changes in this outcome in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in serum cortisol level, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze the changes in serum cortisol level (ng/ml) induced by the maximal exercise test and the intervention mode, and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to depression, anxiety and stress levels and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in serum oxytocin level, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze the changes in serum oxytocin level (ng/ml) induced by the maximal exercise test and the intervention mode, and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to depression, anxiety and stress levels and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in serum dopamine level, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze the changes in serum dopamine level (ng/ml) induced by the maximal exercise test and the intervention mode, and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to depression, anxiety and stress levels and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in serum adrenaline level, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze the changes in serum adrenaline level (ng/ml) induced by the maximal exercise test and the intervention mode, and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to depression, anxiety and stress levels and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Changes in serum serotonin level, during and after pregnancy
The investigators will analyze the changes in serum serotonin level (ng/ml) induced by the maximal exercise test and the intervention mode, and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially related to depression, anxiety and stress levels and changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: gestational age at birth
The gestational age at birth (weeks) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: length of labor
The length of labor (hours and minutes) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: induction of labor
The rate of induction of labor (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: episiotomy
The rate of episiotomy (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: perineal lacerations
The incidence of perineal lacerations (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: the use of anesthetics
The rate of anesthetics use (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: labor complications
The incidence of labor complications (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childbirth parameters: neonatal intensive care unit
The incidence of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; % of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.
Childhood outcomes: changes in percentage of body fat
The changes in amount of body fat in children (%) will be analyzed in terms of pre- and postnatal physical activity patterns of their mothers and in relation to other selected parameters.
Covid-19 disease
The incidence of Covid-19 disease (% of the study group) will be analyzed in terms of intervention mode and its relationship with other selected parameters, potentially changing with regular exercise in the perinatal period.