search
Back to results

Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Non-Insulin Antihyperglycemic Therapy (IMMEDIATE)

Primary Purpose

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose

Status
Active
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Canada
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitor
Diabetes self-management education
Sponsored by
LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology Ltd.
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 focused on measuring Type 2 diabetes, Flash sensor glucose technology, Glucose monitoring, Randomized controlled trial

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

Eligible participants must be an adult aged 18 years or older and:

  • A clinical diagnosis of T2D, with diagnosis known for six months or more;
  • An HbA1c of > 7.5%;
  • Using one or more non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy for a minimum of six months, with dose stability of 3 months; and
  • No previous history of using CGM or FGM devices.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants will be excluded from the study if they:

  • Have a history of insulin use > 3 months
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Have diabetic retinopathy
  • Have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
  • Have unstable cardiovascular disease
  • Use other implanted medical devices, such as pacemakers
  • Have had more than one episode of severe hypoglycemia during the past 6 months or evidence of hypoglycemia unawareness
  • Anticipate or require regular magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, or high-frequency electrical heat (diathermy) treatment

Sites / Locations

  • LMC Brampton
  • LMC Etobicoke
  • LMC Oakville
  • LMC Ottawa
  • LMC Midtown
  • LMC Vaughan/Thornhill

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Other

Arm Label

Intervention (FGM + DSME)

Control (DSME alone)

Arm Description

Study participants randomized to the intervention arm will be provided with a FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor (FGM) system to use for 16 weeks in Phase 1. Study participants will receive one training session on proper use of the FGM and encouraged to test at least 4 times per day: fasting and post-meals. Participants will also receive six diabetes self-management education (DSME) sessions, consisting of four individual in-clinic sessions and two telephone sessions.

Study participants in the control arm will receive six diabetes self-management education sessions matched to time and location of the intervention group. The sessions will consist of four individual in-clinic sessions and two telephone sessions over 16 weeks. Control participants will be encouraged to self-monitor blood glucose four times daily (fasting and post-meals) as per existing diabetes self-care guidelines

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Time in Range (TIR)
The proportion of time within target glucose range (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy compared to a control group not using an FGM device measured during the blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM) period during the final last two-weeks of the Phase 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Glycemic control (a)
Mean HbA1c (blood drawn for laboratory testing) at the end of Phase 1
Glycemic control (b)
Proportion of participants with HbA1c < 7.0% and with HbA1c > 9.0% at the end of Phase 1
Glycemic control (c)
Mean glucose based on blinded CGM recordings at the end of Phase 1
Proportion of time spent in various glycemic ranges based on blinded CGM recordings
Tight glycemic range (3.9 to 7.8 mmol/L) Hypoglycemia range (3.0 to 3.8 mmol/L) Clinically significant (level 2) hypoglycemia range (< 3.0 mmol/L) Hyperglycemia (> 10.0 mmol/L)
Glycemic variability
Standard deviation and % coefficient of variation based on blinded CGM recordings
Number of documented episodes of hypoglycemia episodes
Based on the blinded CGM recording, including: All (hypoglycemic episode occurring at anytime); Nocturnal (hypoglycemic episode occurring between 12 am and 6 am); and Level 2 hypoglycemic (<3.9 mmol/L)
Number of episodes of severe hypoglycemia
A hypoglycemic episode that requires assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions as reported by participant
Adherence to diabetes medications as measured by the Adherence to Refills and Medication-Diabetes (ARMS-D)
The ARMS-D is an 11-item self-reported measure of adherence that assesses one's ability to take and refill medication under different circumstances, and identifies barriers to medication adherence. The ARMS-D demonstrates good internal consistency, reliability (α=0.86), shows good convergent validity with other adherence to medication scales, and independently predicts HbA1c (β=0.16, p<0.01)
Psychological distress as measured by the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)
The DDS is a 17-item scale that captures four dimensions of distress: emotional burden, regime distress, interpersonal distress and physician distress. The DDS list potential problem areas that people with diabetes may experience. Respondents are asked to indicate the degree to which each problem may be bothering them in their life on a 6-point Likert Scale from 1 (not a problem) to 6 (a very serious problem). The DDS and its subscales has been shown to have good internal reliability (α > 0.87) and validity.
Device satisfaction as measured by the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction Survey (GMSS)
The GMSS is a 15-item self-reported measure of glucose device satisfaction. The GMSS provides a comprehensive profile of key contributors to device satisfaction. The GMSS has shown good criterion validity against the World Health Organization-5 measure of quality of life and the DDS, and the Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Obstacles scale (all p < 0.001)
Participant self-efficacy as measured by the Skills, Confidence and Preparedness Index (SCPI)
The SCPI is a 23-item scale that includes three subscales: Skills; confidence; and preparedness. Each question contains a 7-point Likert scale response. The SCPI has been demonstrated to have high validity internal consistency and test-retest reliability, with no floor or ceiling effect. Furthermore, SCPI scores are significantly correlated with HbA1c in both type 1 diabetes and T2D populations (p < 0.001)
Change in antihyperglycemic therapies
Change in the mean number of antihyperglycemic therapies from baseline to end of
Change in weight (kg)
Change in weight (kg) from baseline to end of Phase 1
Change in waist circumference (cm)
Change in waist circumference (cm) from baseline to end of Phase 1
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) goals setting
Mean number of diabetes self-management education (DSME) goals set per person
Mean DSME goal achievement score during Phase 1
Each DSME goal set during the trial is be graded on a 6-point rating scale. Goal attainment scores range from 1 (goal not attempted) to 6 (exceeded expectation).
Mean number of glucose checks
Mean number of FGM scans for the intervention group; and mean number of self-monitoring of blood glucose for the control arm

Full Information

First Posted
September 1, 2020
Last Updated
February 4, 2022
Sponsor
LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology Ltd.
Collaborators
Abbott Diabetes Care
search

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04562714
Brief Title
Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Non-Insulin Antihyperglycemic Therapy
Acronym
IMMEDIATE
Official Title
IMpact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in pEople With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Non-insulin Antihyperglycemic ThErapy - IMMEDIATE Study
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
February 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Active, not recruiting
Study Start Date
September 8, 2020 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
April 30, 2022 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
August 30, 2022 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology Ltd.
Collaborators
Abbott Diabetes Care

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
Yes
Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.
Yes
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a flash glucose monitor device in achieving optimal glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy.
Detailed Description
The IMMEDIATE study is a multi-centre, randomized controlled, open-label, two-phase cross-over study evaluating the effectiveness of a flash glucose monitor device to increase the proportion of time spent in target glucose range (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L) among adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy compared to a control group not using a flash glucose monitor device. The study will consist of two phases; each 16 weeks long. In Phase 1, study participants who meet eligibility criteria will be randomized to receive a flash glucose monitor device combined with diabetes self-management education, or diabetes self-management education alone. In Phase 2, participants initially assigned to receive education alone will crossover to receive a flash glucose monitor device while participants initially using the flash glucose monitor will continue using their device. No diabetes self-management education will be provided during Phase 2.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose
Keywords
Type 2 diabetes, Flash sensor glucose technology, Glucose monitoring, Randomized controlled trial

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Crossover Assignment
Model Description
The IMMEDIATE study is a two-phased, cross-over study. In Phase 1, participants will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio, stratified by use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist to receive either a flash glucose monitor (FGM) + diabetes self-management education (DSME) (Intervention arm) or to DSME alone (Control arm). Participants randomized to the Intervention arm will receive a FreeStyle Libre FGM System, 1 training session on its proper use, and 6 DSME sessions. Participants randomized to the Control arm will receive 6 DSME sessions matched to time and location of the Intervention group. DSME sessions for both groups will consist of four individual in-clinic sessions and two telephone sessions. After 16-weeks, participants initially assigned to DSME alone will cross-over to receive the intervention FGM device, while those initially randomized to using a FGM will continue using their device for an additional 16 weeks (Phase 2). No DSME will provided during Phase 2.
Masking
None (Open Label)
Masking Description
The study design is open-label in which neither investigator nor study participants will be blinded to study treatment. All study participants will wear a blinded continuous glucose monitoring device for two weeks at baseline and during the final two weeks of Phase 1, during which they will be blinded to the results of the blinded glucose monitoring device.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
116 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Intervention (FGM + DSME)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Study participants randomized to the intervention arm will be provided with a FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor (FGM) system to use for 16 weeks in Phase 1. Study participants will receive one training session on proper use of the FGM and encouraged to test at least 4 times per day: fasting and post-meals. Participants will also receive six diabetes self-management education (DSME) sessions, consisting of four individual in-clinic sessions and two telephone sessions.
Arm Title
Control (DSME alone)
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
Study participants in the control arm will receive six diabetes self-management education sessions matched to time and location of the intervention group. The sessions will consist of four individual in-clinic sessions and two telephone sessions over 16 weeks. Control participants will be encouraged to self-monitor blood glucose four times daily (fasting and post-meals) as per existing diabetes self-care guidelines
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitor
Intervention Description
The FreeStyle Libre FGM device consists of a skin-worn disposable sensor that automatically measures and continuously stores glucose readings. The sensor is placed by a single-use applicator and is activated by a wireless scan with a handheld reader. It is designed to stay on the body for up to 14 days, and can be worn under clothing. After a 1-hour warm-up period, the sensor takes automatic measurements of glucose every 15 minutes for up to 14 days. The device collects the interstitial glucose values and stores them for subsequent upload at the end of the 14-day wear period. With each scan, users receive their glucose reading; the last eight hours of glucose data; and an arrow illustrating the direction their glucose is heading.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Diabetes self-management education
Intervention Description
The DSME curriculum is compromised of: Review of weekly glucose report (Trend glucose report from Libreview for intervention group; and weekly glucose report in log book format from their glucose monitoring software for control group) Education modules for both in-person and remote delivery; Handouts to support the curriculum objectives; and Blood glucose monitoring challenges to stimulate behaviour change and reinforce learning.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time in Range (TIR)
Description
The proportion of time within target glucose range (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy compared to a control group not using an FGM device measured during the blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM) period during the final last two-weeks of the Phase 1
Time Frame
2-week period
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Glycemic control (a)
Description
Mean HbA1c (blood drawn for laboratory testing) at the end of Phase 1
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Glycemic control (b)
Description
Proportion of participants with HbA1c < 7.0% and with HbA1c > 9.0% at the end of Phase 1
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Glycemic control (c)
Description
Mean glucose based on blinded CGM recordings at the end of Phase 1
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Proportion of time spent in various glycemic ranges based on blinded CGM recordings
Description
Tight glycemic range (3.9 to 7.8 mmol/L) Hypoglycemia range (3.0 to 3.8 mmol/L) Clinically significant (level 2) hypoglycemia range (< 3.0 mmol/L) Hyperglycemia (> 10.0 mmol/L)
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Glycemic variability
Description
Standard deviation and % coefficient of variation based on blinded CGM recordings
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Number of documented episodes of hypoglycemia episodes
Description
Based on the blinded CGM recording, including: All (hypoglycemic episode occurring at anytime); Nocturnal (hypoglycemic episode occurring between 12 am and 6 am); and Level 2 hypoglycemic (<3.9 mmol/L)
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Number of episodes of severe hypoglycemia
Description
A hypoglycemic episode that requires assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions as reported by participant
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Adherence to diabetes medications as measured by the Adherence to Refills and Medication-Diabetes (ARMS-D)
Description
The ARMS-D is an 11-item self-reported measure of adherence that assesses one's ability to take and refill medication under different circumstances, and identifies barriers to medication adherence. The ARMS-D demonstrates good internal consistency, reliability (α=0.86), shows good convergent validity with other adherence to medication scales, and independently predicts HbA1c (β=0.16, p<0.01)
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Psychological distress as measured by the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)
Description
The DDS is a 17-item scale that captures four dimensions of distress: emotional burden, regime distress, interpersonal distress and physician distress. The DDS list potential problem areas that people with diabetes may experience. Respondents are asked to indicate the degree to which each problem may be bothering them in their life on a 6-point Likert Scale from 1 (not a problem) to 6 (a very serious problem). The DDS and its subscales has been shown to have good internal reliability (α > 0.87) and validity.
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Device satisfaction as measured by the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction Survey (GMSS)
Description
The GMSS is a 15-item self-reported measure of glucose device satisfaction. The GMSS provides a comprehensive profile of key contributors to device satisfaction. The GMSS has shown good criterion validity against the World Health Organization-5 measure of quality of life and the DDS, and the Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) Obstacles scale (all p < 0.001)
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Participant self-efficacy as measured by the Skills, Confidence and Preparedness Index (SCPI)
Description
The SCPI is a 23-item scale that includes three subscales: Skills; confidence; and preparedness. Each question contains a 7-point Likert scale response. The SCPI has been demonstrated to have high validity internal consistency and test-retest reliability, with no floor or ceiling effect. Furthermore, SCPI scores are significantly correlated with HbA1c in both type 1 diabetes and T2D populations (p < 0.001)
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Change in antihyperglycemic therapies
Description
Change in the mean number of antihyperglycemic therapies from baseline to end of
Time Frame
2-week period
Title
Change in weight (kg)
Description
Change in weight (kg) from baseline to end of Phase 1
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Change in waist circumference (cm)
Description
Change in waist circumference (cm) from baseline to end of Phase 1
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) goals setting
Description
Mean number of diabetes self-management education (DSME) goals set per person
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Mean DSME goal achievement score during Phase 1
Description
Each DSME goal set during the trial is be graded on a 6-point rating scale. Goal attainment scores range from 1 (goal not attempted) to 6 (exceeded expectation).
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Mean number of glucose checks
Description
Mean number of FGM scans for the intervention group; and mean number of self-monitoring of blood glucose for the control arm
Time Frame
2-week period
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Exploratory analysis 1a: Glucose control - Targeted glucose range
Description
Within group change in the proportion of time spent in targeted glucose range based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1b: Glucose control - hypoglycemia
Description
Within group change in the proportion of time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.8 mmol/L) ranged based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and the final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1c: Glucose control - hyperglycemia
Description
Within group change in the proportion of time spent in hyperglycemia (>10 mmol/L) range based on FGM metrics from the first 2-weeks and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1d: Glucose control - HbA1c
Description
Within group change in HbA1c based on blood drawn for laboratory testing from the first 2-week and the final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1e: Glucose control - Mean glucose
Description
Within group change in mean glucose based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1f: Glucose control - Glycemic variability
Description
Within group change in standard deviation and % coefficient of variation based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1g: Glucose control - Hypoglycemia
Description
Within group change in the frequency of hypoglycemia based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 1h: Glucose control - Severe hypoglycemia
Description
Within group change in the frequency of severe hypoglycemia, defined as a hypoglycemic episode that required assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or other resuscitative actions, based on FGM metrics from the first 2-week and final 2-week periods of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 2a: Patient reported outcome - Adherence
Description
Within group change in the Adherence to Refills and Medication-Diabetes (ARMS-D) from the beginning to the end of Phase 2
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 2b: Patient reported outcome - Psychological distress
Description
Within group change in the Diabetes Distress Scale from the beginning to the end of Phase 2.
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 2c: Patient reported outcome - Device satisfaction
Description
Within group change in the Glucose Monitoring System Satisfaction Survey from the
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 2d: Patient reported outcome - Participant self-efficacy
Description
Within group change in the Skills, Confidence and Preparedness Index (SCPI) from the beginning to the end of Phase 2.
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 3a: Effect of DSME goal achievement
Description
The effect of DSME goal achievement, independent of glucose monitoring system used, on the change in proportion of time spent in targeted glucose range in the final 2-week CGM period of Phase 1 vs baseline
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 3b: Effect of DSME goal achievement
Description
The effect of DSME goal achievement, independent of glucose monitoring system used, on the frequency of FGM-measured hypoglycemia in the final 2-week CGM period of Phase 1 vs baseline
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 3c: Effect of DSME goal achievement
Description
The effect of DSME goal achievement, independent of glucose monitoring system used, on the association between the daily frequency of FGM scanning/self-monitored blood glucose and TIR.
Time Frame
16-week period
Title
Exploratory analysis 4: Frequency of glucose testing
Description
The optimal frequency of glucose testing for greatest impact on glycemic control (TIR)
Time Frame
16-week period

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Eligible participants must be an adult aged 18 years or older and: A clinical diagnosis of T2D, with diagnosis known for six months or more; An HbA1c of > 7.5%; Using one or more non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapy for a minimum of six months, with dose stability of 3 months; and No previous history of using CGM or FGM devices. Exclusion Criteria: Participants will be excluded from the study if they: Have a history of insulin use > 3 months Are pregnant or breastfeeding Have diabetic retinopathy Have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 Have unstable cardiovascular disease Use other implanted medical devices, such as pacemakers Have had more than one episode of severe hypoglycemia during the past 6 months or evidence of hypoglycemia unawareness Anticipate or require regular magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, or high-frequency electrical heat (diathermy) treatment
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ronnie Aronson, MD
Organizational Affiliation
LMC Diabetes
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
LMC Brampton
City
Brampton
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
L6S 0C6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
LMC Etobicoke
City
Etobicoke
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
M9R 4E1
Country
Canada
Facility Name
LMC Oakville
City
Oakville
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
L6M 1M1
Country
Canada
Facility Name
LMC Ottawa
City
Ottawa
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
K2J 0V2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
LMC Midtown
City
Toronto
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
M4G 3E8
Country
Canada
Facility Name
LMC Vaughan/Thornhill
City
Vaughan
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
L4K 4M2
Country
Canada

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
25923812
Citation
Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman SV. Development of a New Measure for Assessing Glucose Monitoring Device-Related Treatment Satisfaction and Quality of Life. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 Sep;17(9):657-63. doi: 10.1089/dia.2014.0417. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24209600
Citation
Mayberry LS, Gonzalez JS, Wallston KA, Kripalani S, Osborn CY. The ARMS-D out performs the SDSCA, but both are reliable, valid, and predict glycemic control. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013 Nov;102(2):96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.09.010. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
15735199
Citation
Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Earles J, Dudl RJ, Lees J, Mullan J, Jackson RA. Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes: development of the diabetes distress scale. Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):626-31. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.626.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
31399439
Citation
Aronson R, Li A, Brown RE, Walker A, Lyons A, Orzech N. Optimizing Diabetes Self-management Using the Novel Skills, Confidence, and Preparedness Index (SCPI). Diabetes Care. 2019 Oct;42(10):1873-1878. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0699. Epub 2019 Aug 9.
Results Reference
background

Learn more about this trial

Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Non-Insulin Antihyperglycemic Therapy

We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs