Baseline vestibular function assessed with Videonystagmography/Electronystagmography (VNG/ENG)
The VNG/ENG is a suite of tests that measure oculomotor function and vestibular function by asking subjects to follow moving targets while the eyes are recording with video (VNG) or electrodes (ENG). Also included is a warm and cold air flush into the external ear, which stimulates the 8th cranial nerve. The report includes measures of eye velocity (deg/sec), position, (deg) and acceleration (deg/sec/sec) relative to the moving targets. These data are presented in a plot that is compared to normative values provided by the company to assess baseline vestibular function.
Baseline oculomotor function assessed with Videonystagmography/Electronystagmography (VNG/ENG)
This is a standard clinical test being done to characterize baseline vestibular function.
The VNG/ENG is a suite of tests that measure oculomotor function and vestibular function by asking subjects to follow moving targets while the eyes are recording with video (VNG) or electrodes (ENG). Also included is a warm and cold air flush into the external ear, which stimulates the 8th cranial nerve. The report includes measures of eye velocity (deg/sec), position, (deg) and acceleration (deg/sec/sec) relative to the moving targets. Data also includes velocity of eye rotations relative to healthy controls. These data are presented in a plot that is compared to normative values provided by the company to assess baseline oculomotor function.
Baseline vestibular function assessed with Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP)
This is a standard clinical test being done to characterize baseline vestibular function. The VEMP test uses surface electromyography to record sternocleidomastoid and/or inferior oblique muscle activity. The report output is the latency and magnitude of the muscle response. These data are presented in a plot that is compared to normative values provided by the company to assess baseline vestibular function.
Baseline vestibular function assessed with Rotary Chair
This is a standard clinical test being done to characterize baseline vestibular function. The Rotary Chair test positions subjects in an enclosure, seated in a chair that moves 360deg at 60 and 240 deg/sec. The report includes measures of eye and head velocity (deg/sec) and position (deg). These data are presented in a plot that is compared to normative values provided by the company to assess baseline vestibular function.
Change in Dizziness Handicap Inventory
This is a questionnaire filled out by the subject that includes items describing the behavioral impact of experiencing dizziness/imbalance. Each items is scored as a Likert scale type variable where subjects answer Yes Sometimes or No. Scores range from 0-100, with 0 indicating no impact of dizziness while scores of 100 indicate a severe impact.
Change in Activity Specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC)
Self-report measure that asks subjects to rate their confidence performing 16 activities of daily living. Each item is scored from 0 to 100% in 10% increments with 0% indicating No confidence and 100% indicating Complete confidence.
Change in Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI)
This is a 22 item questionnaire that asks how bothersome symptoms are. Items are scored from 0 (None) to 4 (Very Severe). HIgher scores imply the symptoms are more bothersome.
Change in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
This is a questionnaire filled out by the subject that assesses change in activity, symptoms, emotions, and overall quality of life. Items are between 1 (no change) to 7 (considerable) and higher scores suggest a better change in symptom management.
Change in Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA)
This is a standard clinical test of visual acuity during active (self-generated) head rotation. Subjects identify letters on a computer monitor; scores range from 20/10 acuity to 20/800 and normative data are available to compare.
Change in Time ( in seconds) Standing during the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB)
Subjects stand quietly (arms folded) on the ground or on a compliant surface while time is measured up to 30 seconds. This is a standard measure of standing posture/balance. Each participant gets a score ranging from 0 to 30 seconds with higher scores correlating with a better balance.
Change in Area (in degrees) of Sway during the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB)
Subjects stand quietly (arms folded) on the ground or on a compliant surface while sway is measured using small sensors placed on the body (inertial measurement units). The sensors measure amount of sway in degrees and the duration the subject stands is measured for up to 30 seconds. Sway scores range 0 to 20 degrees of motion side to side and fore-aft. Lower scores correlate with a better balance.
Change in the tandem walk test assessed by number of steps taken
Ability to walk heel to toe for a distance of 10 steps.
Change in the time to complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Ipsi Turn.
Subjects total time (in seconds) is recorded to stand from seated position, walk 3 meters, turn around 180-degrees and return to sit.
Change in the time to complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Contra Turn.
Subjects total time (in seconds) is recorded to stand from seated position, walk 3 meters, turn around 180-degrees and return to sit.
Change in Fogginess (mental) during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test that includes stepping while viewing a virtual scenario of a patrol task. Subjects step on/off a 6-inch step while being asked to identify objects in the virtual scene. The fogginess is rated on a visual analog scale from 0 (no symptoms) -10 (worse symptoms).
Change in Dizziness during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test that includes stepping while viewing a virtual scenario of a patrol task. Subjects step on/off a 6-inch step while being asked to identify objects in the virtual scene. The dizziness is on a visual analog scale from from 0 (no symptoms) -10 (worse symptoms).
Change in Headache during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test that includes stepping while viewing a virtual scenario of a patrol task. Subjects step on/off a 6-inch step while being asked to identify objects in the virtual scene. The headache is rated on a a visual analog scale from 0 (no symptoms) -10 (worse symptoms).
Change in Nausea during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test that includes stepping while viewing a virtual scenario of a patrol task. Subjects step on/off a 6-inch step while being asked to identify objects in the virtual scene. The nausea is rated on a a visual analog scale from 0 (no symptoms) -10 (worse symptoms).
Change in visual acuity during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involving the use of virtual reality goggles and viewing a scenario that mimic a patrolling scenario. Subjects step on/off a 6-inch step while being asked to identify objects in the scene. A subjective rating of visual acuity using a visual analog scale from 0 (no symptoms) -10 (worse symptoms).
Change in Mean Reaction Time during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. The reaction time (in milliseconds) to respond to 11 auditory cues embedded in the virtual scene is measured.
Change in 5 min heart rate during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. The heart rate at 5 minute is measured in beats per minute.
Pre heart rate during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. The initial heart rate is measured in beats per minute.
Post (video) heart rate during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. The post video completion heart rate is measured in beats per minute.
Final heart rate during the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. The 3 min post video completion heart rate is measured in beats per minute.
Pre Rate of Perceived Exertion for the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is measured on a scale from 6 (rest) - 20 (maximal exertion) scale.
Post (video) Rate of Perceived Exertion for the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. Post RPE is measured at the end of the video using the 6 (rest) - 20 (maximal exertion) scale.
5 min Rate of Perceived Exertion for the Patrol Exertion Multitask Test (PEMT)
This is a 12-minute test involve stepping on/off a 6-in step while viewing a virtual video patrol scenario. RPE is measured at the 5th minute from starting the video using the 6 (rest) - 20 (maximal exertion) scale.
Change in the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)
The FGA is a 10-item behavioral test assessing risk for fall. Each items is scored from 0 (severe) to 3 (normal) impairment. Scores range from 0 - 30 with scores compared against normative data.