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Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer

Primary Purpose

Colon Cancer

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Greece
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Laparoscopic right colectomy
Open right colectomy
Sponsored by
Larissa University Hospital
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Colon Cancer focused on measuring colon, cancer, open, laparoscopic, colectomy, right, mesocolic, excision

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 90 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria: Histologically confirmed right colon cancer (cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure) Surgical resection based on the CME principles Patient 18 to 90 years old American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≤III Τ≤3 Elective operation Signed informed consent of the patient Exclusion Criteria: Non elective operation (hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction) Locally advanced disease (T4) Distant metastases (Stage IV) American Society of Anesthesiologists ≥IV Previous laparotomy BMI >35 kg/m2 Active sepsis or systemic infection Untreated physical and mental disability Pregnancy or breast-feeding Lack of compliance with the protocol process Non-granting of signed informed consent

Sites / Locations

  • Department of Surgery, University Hospital of LarissaRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Laparoscopic right colectomy

Open right colectomy

Arm Description

In laparoscopic right colectomy subgroup, the patient will be placed in a lithotomy position. Entrance in the peritoneal cavity will be completed via the open Hasson method. Overall, 4 ports will be used: 10mm at the umbilicus for optical entry, 12mm in the left midclavicular line below the umbilicus as the main working port, 5mm at the McBurney point, and 5mm between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. Dissection of the peritoneal fold, under the terminal ileum, will be performed based on the medial to lateral approach. Similar to the open approach, the ileocolic vessels, as well as the right branches of the middle colic will be ligated at their origin for cecal and proximal ascending tumors. For hepatic flexure cancers, the medial colic vessels will be ligated. The ileocolic anastomosis will be completed either intracorporeally or extracorporeally, using staples or sutures.

In the open right colectomy group, the operation will start with a midline incision and dissection based on the lateral to medial approach. The lateral peritoneal fold along Toldt's line will be incised and the ascending colon will be mobilized from the retroperitoneum according to the embryological dissection planes. Dissection will continue until the anterior surface of the superior mesenteric vessels at the third duodenal part. Ileocolic and right colic vessels will be ligated at their origins. For hepatic flexure tumors, the middle colic vessels will be also ligated at their origin. The ileocolic anastomosis will be performed using an automatic stapler. The anastomosis will be completed either with staples or sutures.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Mesocolic Resection Plane
Occurrence of Mesocolic Resection Plane. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Secondary Outcome Measures

Open Conversion
Occurrence of Open Conversion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Operative Time
The total operative time will be recorded. Measurement unit: minutes
Type of Anastomosis
Occurrence of Stapled or Handsewn Anastomosis. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Intraoperative Transfusion
Occurrence of Intraoperative Transfusion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Postoperative Complication
Occurrence of Postoperative Complication. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Bowel Function Recovery
Postoperative time until the recovery of bowel function is achieved. Measurement unit: days
Length of Hospital Stay
Postoperative time that the patient can be safely discharged. Measurement unit: days. The patient will be discharged, when it is ensured that is medically safe to be released. In particular, as the exit time of the patient, will be regarded the time that the patient will fulfil the Clinical Discharge Criteria
Negative Resection Margin
Occurrence of Negative Resection Margin. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Local Recurrence
Occurrence of Local Recurrence. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Disease Free Survival
Occurrence of Disease Free Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Overall Survival
Occurrence of Overall Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'

Full Information

First Posted
January 26, 2023
Last Updated
February 10, 2023
Sponsor
Larissa University Hospital
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05713903
Brief Title
Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer
Official Title
Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer, According to the Complete Mesocolic Excision (CME) Principles: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
February 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
February 6, 2023 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
January 10, 2026 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
January 10, 2027 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Larissa University Hospital

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of this research protocol is to compare open versus laparoscopic right colectomy (according to the CME technique of complete mesocolic excision) for right colon cancer. This study will be designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial. The comparison of the two techniques will include endpoints regarding the quality characteristics of the specimens and the oncological results. In addition, the effectiveness of the two methods will be evaluated in terms of the early and late postoperative period.
Detailed Description
Colorectal cancer is the third and second most common malignancy in male and female patients, respectively, with up to 1.8 million new cases and 860,000 deaths per year. Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) was first proposed by Heald in 1982 and is currently the gold standard surgical technique for middle and lower rectal cancer. Heald considered that the metastatic spread of the tumor occurs through micro-implantations in the lymph node network of the mesorectum, and much less through horizontal intramural infiltration, and thus defined rectal resection margins at 5cm or even 2cm for well-differentiated neoplasms. Therefore, he suggested that mesorectum displays a greater risk for micro-metastatic disease and should be removed en-bloc with intact resection margins. Similarly in 2009, Hohenberger proposed the complete mesocolon excision (CME) concept for the treatment of colon cancer, based on the respective embryological development anatomical planes. After analyzing a large cohort of patients, he concluded that this operation type leads to a significant reduction in the local recurrence and an increase in the overall survival rates. Hohenberger proposed open CME as the optimal surgical technique for colon cancer, under the premise that the following principles are met: Dissection of Toldt's fascia and mesocolon preservation Central vascular ligation Extensive locoregional lymph node dissection CME technique, as described by Hohenberger in 2008, is an extension of Heald's TME and it is based on the sharp dissection and separation of the visceral fascia that surrounds the colon from the parietal fascia. The aim is to fully mobilize the colon and the corresponding mesocolon, which is surrounded bilaterally by sheets of visceral fascia. This ensures the complete resection of the tumor and the corresponding lymph nodes. At the same time, central vascular ligation allows the dissection of the apical lymph nodes. There are three resection planes: the mesocolic, intramesocolic and muscularis propria plane. The ideal resection plane is the mesocolic, in which the colon is removed, along with the entire mesocolon and all the venous and lymphatic tissue, without violating the visceral fascia. Surgical specimens categorized into either of the other two resection planes are associated with reduced R0 resection rates and with reduced overall survival. Characteristically, the muscularis propria resection plane has been associated with up to 15% reduced survival rate compared to the mesocolic plane. There are specific morphometric characteristics of surgical specimens that are used to assess their quality. These include tumor and proximal colon high vascular ligation distance, number of lymph nodes, length of resected small bowel and colon, and total area of the mesocolon. These characteristics are directly related to the number of harvested lymph nodes and, therefore, to overall survival. According to initial results, CME specimens were larger in size, contained a longer length of colon, a larger mesenteric surface and a greater number of lymph nodes compared to the standard colectomy specimens. In addition, a greater distance of the tumor from the resection margins was highlighted. Specifically for right colon cancers, recent publications have shown that CME can achieve better morphometric specimen characteristics and a greater number of lymph nodes. In a recent randomized study, Di Buono et al. compared the completion of CME or not, during laparoscopic right colectomy. A significant difference was found in favor of CME, regarding the specimen length and the lymph node harvest. Despite these, the literature evidence regarding the morphological and qualitative characteristics of laparoscopic and open CME specimens are still inconclusive. Specifically for right colectomies, in the comparative study by Gouvas et al., it was observed that the percentage of the mesocolic resection level was 100% in open colectomy, in contrast to 85.7% in the laparoscopic approach. However, this difference was not statistically significant. In a retrospective study by Ali Koc et al., no difference was found between open and laparoscopic CME in terms of specimen length, R0 resection rate and number of resected lymph nodes. A recent publication by Ali Zedan et al., argued that open CME is associated with longer specimens, larger mesenteric area, and increased resection margins. Another interesting finding was that the number of lymph nodes and the distance of the ligation site were greater in the laparoscopic CME group. However, the meta-analysis by Anania et al. failed to validate any difference between the two methods in the total number of lymph nodes. Finally, a comparative analysis of our own series of patients did not show superiority of one technique over the other in terms of resection level, specimen length and number of lymph nodes. Additional qualitative characteristics of a colon cancer operation include operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time of bowel function recovery, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, as well as overall survival and local recurrence rate. In a recent meta-analysis by Anania et al. applying the principles of CME to right colectomies did not affect the rates of postoperative leaks, bleeding, overall complications, and reoperations. However, CME right colectomy was associated with optimal results in terms of 3-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival. Regarding the application of laparoscopy principles to CME colectomies, previous studies have confirmed that it is a technique with optimal results, such as faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and lower morbidity. There is agreement between studies regarding the perioperative benefits of laparoscopic CME right colectomy versus the open method. According to Huang et al., the length of operative time between the two techniques was comparable. Laparoscopic right colectomy was associated with significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and faster initiation of feeding. In addition, these patients were discharged earlier compared to their counterparts in the open colectomy group. Moreover, no differences were observed in complication and local recurrence rates. These findings were also confirmed by the comparative study of Sheng et al., where the application of the minimally invasive technique resulted in lower levels of postoperative pain, and faster recovery. Accordingly, Shin et al., applying propensity score analysis, to remove possible confounding factors, in a sample of 2249 right colectomies and found that the technique is an independent predictor for 5-year disease-free survival. Pooled data from Anania et al., confirmed the superiority of laparoscopic CME in the rates of postoperative complications, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay. These are also in accordance with our own experience, where a significant benefit of the laparoscopic approach was shown in the duration of hospitalization and septic complications, at the cost of prolonged surgical time.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Colon Cancer
Keywords
colon, cancer, open, laparoscopic, colectomy, right, mesocolic, excision

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
The study will employ a prospective, parallel randomized-controlled design
Masking
None (Open Label)
Masking Description
There will be no blindness at the level of the patient, the treating physicians (surgeon, anesthesiologist) and the researcher who will record the data.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
114 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Laparoscopic right colectomy
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
In laparoscopic right colectomy subgroup, the patient will be placed in a lithotomy position. Entrance in the peritoneal cavity will be completed via the open Hasson method. Overall, 4 ports will be used: 10mm at the umbilicus for optical entry, 12mm in the left midclavicular line below the umbilicus as the main working port, 5mm at the McBurney point, and 5mm between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. Dissection of the peritoneal fold, under the terminal ileum, will be performed based on the medial to lateral approach. Similar to the open approach, the ileocolic vessels, as well as the right branches of the middle colic will be ligated at their origin for cecal and proximal ascending tumors. For hepatic flexure cancers, the medial colic vessels will be ligated. The ileocolic anastomosis will be completed either intracorporeally or extracorporeally, using staples or sutures.
Arm Title
Open right colectomy
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
In the open right colectomy group, the operation will start with a midline incision and dissection based on the lateral to medial approach. The lateral peritoneal fold along Toldt's line will be incised and the ascending colon will be mobilized from the retroperitoneum according to the embryological dissection planes. Dissection will continue until the anterior surface of the superior mesenteric vessels at the third duodenal part. Ileocolic and right colic vessels will be ligated at their origins. For hepatic flexure tumors, the middle colic vessels will be also ligated at their origin. The ileocolic anastomosis will be performed using an automatic stapler. The anastomosis will be completed either with staples or sutures.
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Laparoscopic right colectomy
Intervention Description
Resection of the ascending colon via a laparoscopic approach, adhering to the CME principles
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Open right colectomy
Intervention Description
Resection of the ascending colon via an open approach, adhering to the CME principles
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Mesocolic Resection Plane
Description
Occurrence of Mesocolic Resection Plane. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
1 month postoperatively
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Open Conversion
Description
Occurrence of Open Conversion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
Intraoperative period
Title
Operative Time
Description
The total operative time will be recorded. Measurement unit: minutes
Time Frame
Intraoperative period
Title
Type of Anastomosis
Description
Occurrence of Stapled or Handsewn Anastomosis. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
Intraoperative period
Title
Intraoperative Transfusion
Description
Occurrence of Intraoperative Transfusion. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
Intraoperative period
Title
Postoperative Complication
Description
Occurrence of Postoperative Complication. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
1 month postoperatively
Title
Bowel Function Recovery
Description
Postoperative time until the recovery of bowel function is achieved. Measurement unit: days
Time Frame
7 days postoperatively
Title
Length of Hospital Stay
Description
Postoperative time that the patient can be safely discharged. Measurement unit: days. The patient will be discharged, when it is ensured that is medically safe to be released. In particular, as the exit time of the patient, will be regarded the time that the patient will fulfil the Clinical Discharge Criteria
Time Frame
Maximum time frame 39 days postoperatively]
Title
Negative Resection Margin
Description
Occurrence of Negative Resection Margin. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
1 month postoperatively
Title
Local Recurrence
Description
Occurrence of Local Recurrence. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
5 years postoperatively
Title
Disease Free Survival
Description
Occurrence of Disease Free Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
5 years postoperatively
Title
Overall Survival
Description
Occurrence of Overall Survival. If such an episode occurs, then it will be defined as=1 'YES' If such an episode does not occur, then it will be defined as=0 'NO'
Time Frame
5 years postoperatively

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
90 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Histologically confirmed right colon cancer (cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure) Surgical resection based on the CME principles Patient 18 to 90 years old American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≤III Τ≤3 Elective operation Signed informed consent of the patient Exclusion Criteria: Non elective operation (hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction) Locally advanced disease (T4) Distant metastases (Stage IV) American Society of Anesthesiologists ≥IV Previous laparotomy BMI >35 kg/m2 Active sepsis or systemic infection Untreated physical and mental disability Pregnancy or breast-feeding Lack of compliance with the protocol process Non-granting of signed informed consent
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Konstantinos Perivoliotis, MD
Phone
2413501000
Ext
0030
Email
kperi19@gmail.com
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
George Tzovaras, Prof
Phone
2413502804
Ext
0030
Email
gtzovaras@hotmail.com
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Konstantinos Perivoliotis, MD
Organizational Affiliation
University Hospital of Larissa
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
George Tzovaras, Prof
Organizational Affiliation
University Hospital of Larissa
Official's Role
Study Chair
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ioannis Baloyiannis, Prof
Organizational Affiliation
University Hospital of Larissa
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa
City
Larissa
ZIP/Postal Code
41110
Country
Greece
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Konstantinos Perivoliotis, MD
Phone
00302413501000
Email
kperi19@gmail.com
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
George Tzovaras, Professor
Phone
00302413502804
Email
gtzovaras@hotmail.com
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Konstantinos Perivoliotis, MD

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No
IPD Sharing Plan Description
No plan to share individual patient data
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Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colectomy for Right Colon Cancer

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