Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring (LiPO)

Children born to obese women are at risk of increased adiposity and later adverse metabolic outcomes. We have conducted a follow-up study on an existing clinical trial, called the LiP study (Lifestyle in Pregnancy), registration number NCT00530439,in which 360 obese pregnant women were randomized to either lifestyle intervention or routine obstetric care. This present study follows the children until 3 years of age. We have the hypothesis, that the intervention during pregnancy results in a lower degree of adiposity and metabolic risk factors in the offspring. Clinical examination is taking place at age 2.5-3 years including anthropometric measurements, Dual energy x-ray (DXA) scans and blood samples measuring metabolic markers.

The active intervention consisted of two major components: dietary counseling and physical activity. Dietary counseling was performed by trained dieticians on four separate occasions at 15, 20, 28 and 35 weeks gestation.

Energy requirements for each participant were individually estimated according to weight and level of activity during pregnancy. Women in the active intervention group were encouraged to be moderately physically active 30-60 minutes a day.Women in this group also had free full time membership in a fitness center for six months. In the fitness centers they had closed training classes with trained physiotherapists for one hour each week.

BMI, Skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, abdominal to hip circumference ratio, height, weight. DXA scan: fat mass, fat mass percent, lean mass, lean mass percent, body fat distribution. Bone mass density, bone mass content. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, fasting insulin, fasting c-peptide, fasting lipids; HDL; LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol. 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Bone mineralization measured by dual energy x-ray

Inclusion Criteria: children born to women who were part of the preceding LiP study and who completed the LiP study until birth. Inclusion criteria for the LiP study: singleton pregnant BMI >/= 30 and </= 45 E xclusion Criteria for preceding LiP study: Chronic diseases Not Danish speaking Abuse of alcohol or drugs Preterm delivery in earlier pregnancies

Vinter CA, Jensen DM, Ovesen P, Beck-Nielsen H, Jorgensen JS. The LiP (Lifestyle in Pregnancy) study: a randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention in 360 obese pregnant women. Diabetes Care. 2011 Dec;34(12):2502-7. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1150. Epub 2011 Oct 4.

Tanvig M, Vinter CA, Jorgensen JS, Wehberg S, Ovesen PG, Beck-Nielsen H, Christesen HT, Jensen DM. Effects of lifestyle intervention in pregnancy and anthropometrics at birth on offspring metabolic profile at 2.8 years: results from the Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring (LiPO) study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan;100(1):175-83. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-2675.

Tanvig M, Vinter CA, Jorgensen JS, Wehberg S, Ovesen PG, Lamont RF, Beck-Nielsen H, Christesen HT, Jensen DM. Anthropometrics and body composition by dual energy X-ray in children of obese women: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (the Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring [LiPO] study). PLoS One. 2014 Feb 24;9(2):e89590. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089590. eCollection 2014.