Long-term Safety and Efficacy Outcome Study Comparing Children Previously Enrolled in Study ROPP-2008-01 for the Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) (PEDAL)

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Standard age-appropriate methods were used to assess visual acuity (how well a participant sees at different distances) with teller acuity cards, LEA symbols test and Charts. It was categorized as following: normal (measurable acuity >= 20/40 or >= 15 cycles/degree); below normal (20/200 <= measurable acuity < 20/40 or 3 cycles/degree <= measurable acuity < 15 cycles/degree); poor (measurable acuity <= 20/200 or <= 3 cycles/degree). Corrected Age (weeks) was defined as Chronological Age (weeks) - 40 + Gestational Age (weeks) in this study.

Ocular alignment was assessed in primary gaze by comparing the position of the corneal light reflection in left eye and right eye (corneal light reflection assessment). Presence or absence of strabismus was recorded in primary gaze and in as many of the 9 positions of gaze as feasible with the cover test assessment of refixation movement. Extraocular muscle over action or deficiency was recorded. Ocular motility referred to eye movements governed by the 6 extraocular muscles in each eye. It was assessed by examiner observation of the participants ability to abduct, adduct, supra, and inferoduct each eye. Ocular alignment and motility included the presence or absence of strabismus (classified as Esotropia [inward turn of the eye], Exotropia [outward turn of the eye], Hypertropia [upward turn of the eye], Hypotropia [downward turn of the eye]) was recorded. Number of participants with combined data for ocular alignment and oculomotor examination (motility) at 12 months CA were reported.

Ocular alignment was assessed in primary gaze by comparing the position of the corneal light reflection in left eye and right eye (corneal light reflection assessment). Presence or absence of strabismus was recorded in primary gaze and in as many of the 9 positions of gaze as feasible with the cover test assessment of refixation movement. Extraocular muscle over action or deficiency was recorded. Ocular motility referred to eye movements governed by the 6 extraocular muscles in each eye. It was assessed by examiner observation of the participants ability to abduct, adduct, supra, and inferoduct each eye. Ocular alignment and motility included the presence or absence of strabismus (classified as Esotropia, Exotropia, Hypertropia, Hypotropia) was recorded. Number of participants with combined data for ocular alignment and oculomotor examination (motility) assessed by corneal light reflex and by the cover test at 24 months CA were reported.

Ocular alignment was assessed in primary gaze by comparing the position of the corneal light reflection in left eye and right eye (corneal light reflection assessment). Presence or absence of strabismus was recorded in primary gaze and in as many of the 9 positions of gaze as feasible with the cover test assessment of refixation movement. Extraocular muscle over action or deficiency was recorded. Ocular motility referred to eye movements governed by the 6 extraocular muscles in each eye. It was assessed by examiner observation of the participants ability to abduct, adduct, supra, and inferoduct each eye. Ocular alignment and motility included the presence or absence of strabismus (classified as Esotropia, Exotropia, Hypertropia, Hypotropia) was recorded. Number of participants with combined data for ocular alignment and oculomotor examination (motility) assessed by corneal light reflex and by the cover test at 5-Years CA were reported.

Nystagmus was observed during the ocular alignment assessments. Presence and absence of nystagmus was reported at 12 Months CA.

Nystagmus was observed during the ocular alignment assessments. Presence and absence of nystagmus was reported at 24 Months CA.

Nystagmus was observed during the ocular alignment assessments. Presence and absence of nystagmus was reported at 5 Years CA.

Refraction was a measure of the lens power required for a focused image on the retina. Refraction with cycloplegia was measured and recorded in diopters for each eye individually (left eye and right eye). Refraction with cycloplegia performed as part of the corrective lens determination procedure included measurements of sphere, cylinder, axis, and prism for each individual eye (left eye and right eye). For sphere, the negative values are summarized as 'nearsighted', and the positive values (including sphere of 0.00) are summarized as 'farsighted'.

Refraction was a measure of the lens power required for a focused image on the retina. Refraction with cycloplegia was measured and recorded in diopters for each eye individually (left eye and right eye). Refraction with cycloplegia performed as part of the corrective lens determination procedure included measurements of sphere, cylinder, axis, and prism for each individual eye (left eye and right eye). For sphere, the negative values are summarized as 'nearsighted', and the positive values (including sphere of 0.00) are summarized as 'farsighted'.

Refraction was a measure of the lens power required for a focused image on the retina. Refraction with cycloplegia was measured and recorded in diopters for each eye individually (left eye and right eye). Refraction with cycloplegia performed as part of the corrective lens determination procedure included measurements of sphere, cylinder, axis, and prism for each individual eye (left eye and right eye). For sphere, the negative values are summarized as 'nearsighted', and the positive values (including sphere of 0.00) are summarized as 'farsighted'.

Refraction was a measure of the lens power required for a focused image on the retina. Refraction with cycloplegia was measured and recorded in diopters for each eye individually (left eye and right eye). Refraction with cycloplegia performed as part of the corrective lens determination procedure included measurements of sphere, cylinder, axis, and prism for each individual eye (left eye and right eye). For sphere, the negative values are summarized as 'nearsighted', and the positive values (including sphere of 0.00) are summarized as 'farsighted'.

Stereoacuity, a measure of depth perception, was assessed using the Lang Stereotest. Number of participants with presence and absence of stereopsis (the ability to perceive depth and 3-dimensional structure) was reported.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.

Body weight collected using calibrated scales (type of scale was dependent upon participant's age). Measure recorded to the nearest 0.1 kilogram (kg). Z-score based on participants chronological age and utilizing World Health Organization child growth standards by adjusting age and sex- matched means and standard deviations (norm). Z-score is standard score that gives idea of how far from the mean a data point is. If Z-score is 0, it indicates that the data point's score is identical to the mean score. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than the mean. Baseline is first assessment in the antecedent study (ROPP-2008-01 [NCT01096784]). Change from baseline in body weight Z-score at 6-month, 12-month, 24-month and 5-year CA were reported.

Height was measured using Z-score. Z-score was calculated based on the participants chronological age and utilizing World Health Organization child growth standards by adjusting age and sex- matched means and standard deviations (norm). Z-score is a standard score that gives an idea of how far from the mean a data point is. If a Z-score is 0, it indicates that the data point's score is identical to the mean score. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than the mean. Baseline was defined as the first assessment in the antecedent study (ROPP-2008-01 [NCT01096784]). Change from baseline in Height Z-score at 6-month, 12-month, 24-month and 5-year CA were reported.

Head circumference measured for all participants using a "lasso" type, non-stretchable measuring tape such as the Lasso-o tape. Z-score calculated based on participants chronological age and utilizing World Health Organization child growth standards by adjusting age, sex matched means and standard deviations (norm).Z-score is standard score that gives idea of how far from mean a data point is. If a Z-score is 0, it indicates that data point's score is identical to mean score. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than the mean. Baseline was defined as the first assessment in the antecedent study (ROPP-2008-01 [NCT01096784]). Change from baseline in Head Circumference Z-score at 6, 12 and 24-months reported.

BSID-III was to assess cognitive, motor, and language skills, and applicable to children aged 1-42 months. There are 5 subscales, cognitive subscale (Ranges: 55-145) stands alone while 2 language subscales (expressive and receptive) combine to make a total language score (Ranges: 47-153) and 2 motor subtests (fine and gross motor) form combined motor scale (Ranges: 46-154). Higher scores represent greater cognitive, language and motor abilities. Positive value indicates improvement and negative value indicate worsening in cognitive development. The 12 Months CA considered as baseline for this outcome measure. Composite scores derived from various sums of subtest scaled scores and scaled to a metric with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 and range from 40 to 160. Higher values denote stronger skills and abilities in the domain, indicating better outcomes.

The WPPSI-IV is a measure of general cognitive development in children that has components of both verbal and non-verbal tasks. It is applicable to preschoolers and young children aged 2 years +6 months to 7 years +7 months and is a direct assessment of a child's cognitive skills. The test framework of the WPPSI-IV is organized into five Primary Index sub scales: Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed. The Full Scale includes all of the sub scales at the Primary Index scale level, as well as any additional supplemental subtests that may be used to derive the Full Scale IQ. Composite scores are derived from the sum of sub scaled scores with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Composite score for Full Scale IQ and subscales (Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed) ranges from 40 (extremely low) to 160 (very superior). Data for Full scale IQ was reported here.

Physical examination includes general appearance; head and neck, eyes, ears, nose and throat; chest and lungs; endocrine, cardiovascular system, abdomen, genitourinary, skin and musculoskeletal system.

A comprehensive neurological examination for the diagnosis of CP was conducted. The Amiel-Tison neurological examination framework was utilized for this assessment and it was conducted by trained medical professionals. Number of Participants diagnosed with CP by neurological examination at 24 Months CA were reported.

Number of participants with any hearing status (normal and abnormal) were reported.

The VABS-II was used to measure the personal and social skills of participants serially over time. This test measures the following 4 key domains: Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, and Motor skills. The domains have the same range and directionality as the adaptive behavior composite score (20-160). Higher scores indicate higher level of cognitive ability. A positive change value indicates improvement and negative value indicates worsening in adaptive functioning. The 6 months CA was considered as baseline for this outcome measure. Change from baseline (6 Months CA) in child behavior as assessed by VABS-II adaptive behavior composite was reported here.

The CBCL (1 ½ to 5) was parent-reported outcome measure used to assess behavioral, emotional, and social functioning of toddlers and preschool children aged 18-60 months. It is composed of 99 items rated on Likert scale and includes 7 syndrome scales under 2 domains (Internalizing and Externalizing Problems): Internalizing includes syndromes of Emotionally Reactive, Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, and Withdrawn. Externalizing includes syndromes of Aggressive Behavior and Attention Problems. The 2 domains of all 7 scales were combined to form total score range of 23 to 100. For each question, raw scores of all subscales are converted to standardized T-scores. Higher T score indicates more behavior problems. For Internalization, Externalization and Total Behavior Problem, T-scores of less than 60 are considered non-clinical, 60-63 are borderline, and 64 or more are considered clinical.

The ADHD-RS measures the behaviors of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It consisted of 18 items designed to reflect current symptomatology of ADHD based on DSM-IV criteria. Each item was scored on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (reflecting no symptoms) to 3 (reflecting severe symptoms) with total scores ranging from 0 to 54. Higher scores represent greater severity of ADHD symptoms.

The SCQ is a brief instrument evaluate communication skills and social functioning in children used for screening for autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The SCQ has 40 dichotomous (yes, no) items, and each item scored 1 point for "abnormal behavior" and 0 point for "absence of abnormal behavior/normal behavior." It yields total score ranging from 0 to 39, higher scores represent more social communication impairment. The first item, "Is she/he now able to talk using short phrases or sentences?", is not scored, but determines if six items relating to abnormal language are assigned. Only "verbal" children (children with "yes" response to first question) are assigned the six items relating to abnormal language and can score a total of 0 to 39 points; "non-verbal" children (children with "no" response to first question) are not assigned six items in relation to abnormal language and score a total of 0 to 33 points where higher scores represent more social communication impairment.

Pulmonary morbidity was assessed with questions related to family history and smoking status as well as diagnosis of select pulmonary symptoms, conditions and related hospitalizations. Anyone living in the same home with participant smoke, Participants had asthma, wheezing, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exacerbation or flare-up, Participants had bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia diagnosed, Participants had to use oxygen at home, Participants had to visit emergency room or urgent care for respiratory problem, and Participants had to stay in a hospital overnight for respiratory problem were reported.

Survival status was assessed by number participants who died and were censored during the study.

The PedsQL was a generic health related quality of life instrument designed specifically for a pediatric population. PedsQL infant scale encompasses 5 dimensions of functioning (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, and Cognitive Functioning). The infant for ages 1-12 months (36 Items); for ages 13-24 months (45 Items) rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 to 4). Overall total scores were calculated as average of all dimensional sub-score items of Infant scale, ranging from 0 to 100 where 0=100 (Never), 1=75 (almost never), 2=50 (sometimes), 3=25 (often), and 4=0 (almost always). Higher scores indicate improved quality of life. A negative value indicates decreased quality of life. The 3 months CA was considered as baseline for this outcome measure.

The PedsQL was a generic health related quality of life instrument designed specifically for a pediatric population. The GCS encompasses 4 dimensions of functioning (physical, emotional, social, school). The GCS that apply to toddler for 2-4 years of age (21 Items) rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 to 4); and Young Child for 5-7 years of age (23 Items) rated on a 3-point Likert scale (0, 2, 4). Overall total scores were calculated as average of all dimensional sub-score items of GCS (Toddler and young children's) ranging from 0 to 100 where 0=100 (Never), 1=75 (almost never), 2=50 (sometimes), 3=25 (often), and 4=0 (almost always). Higher scores indicate improved quality of life. A negative value indicates decreased quality of life. The 24 month CA was considered as baseline for this outcome measure.

HSCS-PS was a validated instrument used via parent proxy within age 2.5 - 5 years. The instrument is composed of 12 domains (Vision, Hearing, Speech, Mobility, Dexterity, Self-care, Emotion, Learn/Remember, Think/Problem Solve, Pain, General Health, Behavior) with up to 6 levels (0-5). The 12 dimensions grouped into 4 categories: neurosensory (vision and hearing), motor (mobility, dexterity, and self-care), learning/remembering (speech, learn/remember, think/problem solve), and quality of life (emotion, pain, general health, behavior). For each category, data were recorded into following levels: no problem (scoring 0 on any attribute); a mild problem (scoring 1 on a scale of 0 to 3, or 1 to 2 on a scale of 0 to 5 for any attribute);moderate/severe problem (scoring > 1 on a scale of 0 to 3, or >2 on a scale of 0 to 5 for any attribute). Higher numbers indicating better child's health status.

The HUI is a family of generic health profiles and preference-based systems used for measuring health status, reporting HRQoL, and producing utility scores. The HUI2 score includes 6 attributes: Sensation, Mobility, Cognition, Self-Care, Emotion, and Pain with up to 5 levels of severity (higher numbers indicate worse level of severity). The HUI3 score includes 8 attributes: Vision, Hearing, Speech, Cognition, Ambulation, Dexterity, Emotion, and Pain with up to 6 levels to indicate the severity (with higher numbers indicating worse levels). HUI2/3 single-attribute scores of morbidities are defined on a scale such the worst level has a score of 0.00 and the best level has a score of 1.00. HUI mark 2 and 3 Overall utility score was reported.

The total number of private office/hospital outpatient visits of health care resource at 3 Months CA, 6 Months CA, 12 Months CA, 24 Months CA, 3 Years CA, 4 Years CA and 5 Years CA were reported.

Number of visits to emergency department at 3 Months CA, 6 Months CA, 12 Months CA, 24 Months CA, 3 Years CA, 4 Years CA and 5 Years CA were reported.

The participant's duration of hospitalizations at 3 Months CA, 6 Months CA, 12 Months CA, 24 Months CA, 3 Years CA, 4 Years CA and 5 Years CA were reported.

Number of participants who required prescription eyeglasses and educational support at 3 Months CA, 6 Months CA, 12 Months CA, 24 Months CA, 3 Years CA, 4 Years CA and 5 Years CA were reported.