Milk Polar Lipids Consumption, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Menopausal Women (VALOBAB-C)

Influence of Milk Polar Lipids Intake on Lipid Metabolism, Body Composition, Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota in Menopausal Women

Polar lipids have a specific chemical structure: they are an essential component of human cell membranes, play a major role in the nervous system and also influence the metabolic pathways including the cholesterol metabolism. Polar lipids are used in food-processing industry for their emulsification properties. The most famous emulsifier is soya lecithin but milk also naturally contains natural emulsifiers such as polar lipids. The purpose of this research is to study plasma cholesterol variation after daily intake of milk polar lipids-fortified cheese products. The volunteers will have to consume 100 g of cheese product during four weeks instead of their usual cheese products. It is a bi-centric study with a centre in LYON (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes) and CLERMONT-FERRAND (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne).

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks.

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks.

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a 3g milk polar lipid fortified cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks.

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a 5 g milk polar lipid fortified cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks.

Women will have to consume daily 100g of a unfortified cheese product instead of usual cheese products during four weeks

Total plasma cholesterol will be measured fasting before and after the four weeks of cheese product intake.

Plasma lipids will be measured before and after the four weeks of cheese product intake. Fasting and postprandial measurements over 8 hours depending on parameters (time 60-120-180-240-270-300-360-420-480 minutes)

Plasma glucose and insulin will be measured before and after the four weeks of cheese product intake. Fasting and postprandial measurements over 8 hours.

Inflammatory markers will be measured before and after the four weeks of cheese product intake. Fasting and postprandial measurements over 8 hours depending on parameters

Energy metabolism will be measured before and after the four weeks of cheese product intake. Fasting and during all the postprandial period (480 minutes)

Inclusion Criteria: Menopausal women Of less than 75 years old- Body Mass Index of 25 to 35 kg/m2 Waist circumference greater than 80 cm Normal (or not clinically significant) glycemic and lipid parameters Exclusion Criteria: Dairy products allergy or intolerance Smokers (more than five cigarettes/day) HDL cholesterol greater than 1.5 mmol/L Medication that could interfere with lipid metabolism or intestinal microbiota (for example, no antibiotics within the 2 months before the study) Hormone replacement treatment for menopause

Le Barz M, Vors C, Combe E, Joumard-Cubizolles L, Lecomte M, Joffre F, Trauchessec M, Pesenti S, Loizon E, Breyton AE, Meugnier E, Bertrand K, Drai J, Robert C, Durand A, Cuerq C, Gaborit P, Leconte N, Bernalier-Donadille A, Cotte E, Laville M, Lambert-Porcheron S, Ouchchane L, Vidal H, Malpuech-Brugere C, Cheillan D, Michalski MC. Milk polar lipids favorably alter circulating and intestinal ceramide and sphingomyelin species in postmenopausal women. JCI Insight. 2021 May 24;6(10):e146161. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.146161.

Vors C, Joumard-Cubizolles L, Lecomte M, Combe E, Ouchchane L, Drai J, Raynal K, Joffre F, Meiller L, Le Barz M, Gaborit P, Caille A, Sothier M, Domingues-Faria C, Blot A, Wauquier A, Blond E, Sauvinet V, Gesan-Guiziou G, Bodin JP, Moulin P, Cheillan D, Vidal H, Morio B, Cotte E, Morel-Laporte F, Laville M, Bernalier-Donadille A, Lambert-Porcheron S, Malpuech-Brugere C, Michalski MC. Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay. Gut. 2020 Mar;69(3):487-501. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318155. Epub 2019 Jun 12.