n-3 Fatty Acid Effects in T2DM After Acute High Intensity Exercise

Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Supplementation Upon Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects at Rest and After an Acute High Intensity Exercise Bout

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a combined supplementation [n-3 PUFA (known to induce anti-inflammatory effects) plus vitamin E (known for its antioxidant properties)] on lipidic, glycemic, redox status and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, considering that exercise, at high intensities, can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress (OS) markers, the investigators tested if our nutritional intervention could attenuate this response within this population (thus, using high intensity exercise as inductor of acute inflammatory/OS state).

Herein the investigators tested the effect of eight weeks of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and vitamin E supplementation before and after an acute high intensity exercise bout on lipid profile, glycemic, redox and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, took part in this study. Blood and urine samples were collected after 12 h-fasting state for baseline biochemical analysis. Thereafter, subjects performed an incremental workload VO2max test on a cycle ergometer to determine the load of the high intensity submaximal exercise. On the following week, blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise test for measurements of oxidative stress (OS) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Afterwards, participants were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin) and n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks. Then, the examination protocol and the exercise test were repeated and the samples collected.

The selected subjects were referred to the University laboratory. During their first visit, the subjects were submitted to perform the first high intensity sub-maximal test. In the same day, volunteers received the supplementation capsules that should be taken throughout eight weeks, as described in the supplementation section. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) group placebo and (2) n-3 PUFA group. After the supplementation period, all subjects reported back to hospital to biochemical testing and thereafter to the university exercise laboratory for the second high intensity sub-maximal test, following the same protocol described above.

Subjects receiving n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks.

Participants received n-3 PUFA capsules (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks, distributed between breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Participants received capsules containing 500 mg of gelatin.Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks, distributed between breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Male and female Age between 40 and 60 years old. Must be able to do exercise Exclusion Criteria: Smoking; Clinical diagnosis of kidney, pulmonary or heart diseases

Fayh APT, Borges K, Cunha GS, Krause M, Rocha R, de Bittencourt PIH Jr, Moreira JCF, Friedman R, da Silva Rossato J, Fernandes JR, Reischak-Oliveira A. Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Apr 23;15:18. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0222-2. eCollection 2018.