Nusantara Diet (Low Calorie and Low Sodium) for Metabolic Syndrome

Nusantara Diet (Balance Nutrition With Low Calorie and Low Sodium Diet) Impact on Body Composition, Insulin Resistance, and Lipid Profile in Patients With Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of Nusantara Diet (Low Calorie and Low Sodium) for Metabolic Syndrome. The main questions it aims to answer are: How effective the Nusantara diet in reducing body mass index and body fat percentage? How effective the Nusantara diet in affecting lipid profile and insulin resistance? Participants will be given this diet for a period of 56 days and undergo repeated outcome measurement. This study has a comparison group (no intervention) to see the difference of reduction or slope of changes in outcomes. We assumed that the Nusantara diet will reduce the metabolic syndrome indicators (anthropometry, lipid profile, and insulin resistance profile).

Design a. Randomized controlled trial with pre-post design Intervention : Balance Nutrition with low calorie and low sodium. Low calorie means a diet with 500 kilocalories lower than the Basal Energy Expenditure, according to the Harris-Benedict formula. The daily limit of sodium is 2300 mg. Organoleptic test for set menu Given as a set for 56 days Dietary counseling is given before intervention, followed by a 24-hour food recall every week. Outcome Body mass index Blood chemistry test: Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-density Lipoprotein, Triglyceride, 4. Glucose profile (Fasting blood glucose, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance / HOMA-IR) 3. Body Fat percentage using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer Sample Size Estimation With the following assumption Type I error: 5% Power of Study: 80% Superiority Trial Equal allocation with two arms Assuming that the reduction of LDL would be 30% of the average LDL level among metabolic syndrome individuals (106.4 mg/dL), the total sample would be 48 participants Protocol Analysis Intention-to-treat analysis Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis If the randomization obtains an equal baseline characteristic, an Independent T-test will be applied. Regression model will be applied, adjusting any possible confounder.

The intervention will receive a package of dietary intervention + nutrition counseling, whereas the control group will receive only nutrition counseling.

Diet Nusantara consists of 1700 kilocalories (or 500 kilocalories lower than basal energy expenditure) on first month and subsequent reduction for the following months (200 kilocalories). The participants should also limit the sodium intake not more than 2300 mg daily

Nutrition counseling consists of the definition of balancing food, metabolic syndrome, exercise, and related health parameters.

Defined as body weight in kilogram defined by square of body height in meter. Higher number indicates obesity

Body Fat Percentage is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass, multiplied by 100. This is measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer.

Inclusion Criteria: Fulfill the definition of metabolic syndrome Blood Pressure>135/85 mmHg Central obesity with waist circumference for males>90 cm or >80 cm in females Triglyceride level >150 mg/dL, followed by HDL<40 mg/dL blood fasting glucose >100 mg/dL Exclusion Criteria: pregnant or breastfeeding women suffer from chronic disease

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