Obesity-related Health Benefits of Apples
Obesity, Abdominal, Hyperlipidemias, Inflammation
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Obesity, Abdominal focused on measuring Obesity, Diet, Apples, Polyphenols, Soluble fibre, Blood lipids, Lipid digestion, Inflammation, Cytokines, Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Type 2 diabetes risk, Cardiovascular disease risk
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18 - 75 years old
- BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 40" for males or ≥ 30" for females
- Current/prior use of acetaminophen without complications
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding females
- Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
- Chronic diseases, including by not limited to: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, etc.
- Gastrointestinal conditions or illnesses, including but not limited to: lactose intolerance, Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Irritable Bowel Disorder
- Inflammatory conditions or active infection
- Serious major medical condition requiring hospitalization within the last year
- Taking any prescription medications (including hormonal contraceptives) or over the counter medications prescribed by a medical professional
- Taking any natural health products or dietary supplements, other than a multivitamin low in phenolic acids
- Taking any medication or natural health product contraindicated with acetaminophen
- Allergy to acetaminophen
- Use of immunomodulating agents
- Antibiotic use within last 3 months
- Alcohol consumption of ≥ 4 drinks/sitting or ≥ 14 drinks/week
- Use of tobacco products or recreational drugs
Sites / Locations
- Human Nutraceutical Research Unit, University of Guelph
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Experimental
No Intervention
Experimental
No Intervention
Acute phase - intervention
Acute phase - control
Chronic phase - intervention group
Chronic phase - control group
Participants will be asked to consume 3 whole apples and a high-fat meal (a mixture of commercially available whipping cream and milk, providing 1 g of fat per kg of body weight) within 30 minutes.
Participants will be asked to consume a high-fat meal (a mixture of commercially available whipping cream and milk, providing 1 g of fat per kg of body weight) within 30 minutes.
Participants will be asked to consume 3 whole apples per day for 6 weeks.
Participants will be asked to consume no apples per day for 6 weeks.