Optimal Interstimulus Interval For Consecutive H-Reflex Responses In Patients With Spasticity

This study evaluates the optimal interstimulus interval for consecutive H-reflex responses in patients with spasticity.

This study will include 15 patients with spastic stroke patients H-reflex with different interstimulus interval of the plegic side soleus muscle will be tested. Subjects lay comfortably in the supine position on an examination bed. The subject will be asked not to contract the lower extremity muscles during the experiment. Surface EMG (SEMG) will be recorded from the plegic side soleus muscle using bipolar electrodes. These electrodes will be placed on the soleus muscle according to the SENIAM guideline.The reference electrode will be placed on medial malleolus. Prior to electrode placement, the skin will be shaved, lightly abraded, and cleaned with alcohol wipes. Self-adhesive, disposable, Ag-AgCl disc electrodes with a disc radius of 10 mm (KENDALL® Arbo; Coviden; Massachusetts, USA) will be used. To prevent the sway of electrode cables, it will be fixed to the body. SEMG and stimulator data will be obtained by using a data acquisition system (POWERLAB® ADInstruments Co, Oxford, United Kingdom). Sampling rate will be 10 kHz. The recorded data will be processed and analyzed offline using LabChart7® Software Version V7.3.3 (PowerLab® system ADInstruments, Oxford, United Kingdom). A cathode (5×5 mm) will be placed at the midpoint of popliteal fossa and an anode (10×10 cm) will be placed immediately proximal to the patella to evoke the H-reflex for monopolar stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve. A monophasic electrical current will be delivered as square pulses with a width of 1 ms by using a stimulator (FE155 Stimulator HC ADInstrument, Oxford UK). Taking into consideration study of Ozyurt et al, interstimulus interval will be selected as 10 seconds for determining the maximum H-reflex (Hmax). Then, Hmax and M-response (Mmax) will be determined. We will be tested four different ISI (10s, 5s, 3s and 1s) for stroke patients in this study. The stimulus intensity for tested H-reflex will be selected as a constant stimulus strength that will be 50 percent of the Hmax. Thirty consecutive stimuli will be delivered in separate sets for each tested ISI of 10, 5, 3 and 1s. The ISI sets will be tested in random order to negate any order effect. There will be a 15s of interval between sets. SEMG recordings will be filtered using a bandpass filter from 5 to 500 Hz. Then the peak-to-peak (P-P) amplitudes of H-reflex will be measured then normalized using by two different methods to estimate H-reflex suppression due to consecutive stimuli. In the first method, P-P amplitude of the first H-reflex response will be used as a control, and P-P amplitude of the second H-reflex response will be normalized by using the control for each ISI set. Thus, HPP2 / HPP1 ratio will be calculated. Similar to the previous method, the first H-reflex response will be used as the control in the second method. Unlike the first method, not only the second H-reflex response, but the remaining 29 H-responses will be normalized to the first H-response. P-P amplitude of the 29 normalized H-reflex responses will be averaged and HPP29/HPP1 ratio will be calculated. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the first H-reflex response will be measured then normalized to the Mmax (HPP1/Mmax) to compare H-reflexes between subjects and conditions.

Inclusion Criteria: Cerebrovascular stroke Both sex Exclusion Criteria: Duration after stroke is less than 20 days Lesions in calf skin Excessive spasticity (Ashworth 4) / Contracture (foot joint) Absent of soleus spasticity Peripheral nerve diseases / muscle diseases Absent of H-reflex Botulinum toxin injection within last 12 weeks Anxiety Patients with pain on test day