search
Back to results

Persistence of IPV Immunity

Primary Purpose

Poliomyelitis

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 4
Locations
Nepal
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
Sponsored by
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Poliomyelitis focused on measuring IPV, Routine immunization, Single dose, Persistence of immunity

Eligibility Criteria

7 Months - 36 Months (Child)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

We will be including Nepali infants who fulfil the following criteria:

  • Born after 30 April 2016
  • Healthy infant or mild illness
  • Age groups within one of the following age groups: 7-12 months or >24 months.
  • Receipt of one dose of IPV at 3- 6 months of age (if age >24months) or zero doses (if age within 7-12 months). IPV receipt must be validated through immunization card or registry book.
  • Parents that consent for participation in the full length of the study.
  • Parents those are able to understand and comply with planned study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Parents and infants who are unable to participate in the full length of the study.
  • A diagnosis or suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder either in the infant or in an immediate family member.
  • A diagnosis or suspicion of bleeding disorder that would contraindicate parenteral administration of IPV or collection of blood by venipuncture.
  • Acute infection or illness at the time of enrollment that would require infant's admission to a hospital.
  • Evidence of a chronic medical condition identified by a study medical officer during physical exam.
  • Known allergy/sensitivity or reaction to polio vaccines.

Discontinuation Criteria

  • Withdrawal of consent for participation for any reason.
  • Request by parents of participant to terminate all study procedures.
  • Identification of immunodeficiency disorder, bleeding disorder or another medical condition for which continued participation, in the opinion of the principal investigator, would pose a risk to the participant to continue in the study.
  • Receipt of immunosuppressive medications.
  • Receipt of any polio (OPV or IPV) vaccine outside of study after enrollment (as per parent's report).
  • Allergic reaction to a dose of polio vaccine.
  • Unable to collect or obtain blood at enrollment.
  • Premature termination of the study.
  • Temporary discontinuation of study activities may occur if there is a mOPV2 campaign.

Sites / Locations

  • Kanti Children's Hospital
  • Patan Hospital
  • Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Study Arm A

Study arm B

Arm Description

Children {Age > 24 months and who received a single dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) at the time of routine immunization} in this arm will receive an IPV (0.5ml) intramuscularly at the time of enrolment in the trial

Children {Age 7-12 months and have not received any IPV till date of enrolment} in this arm will receive an Inactivated Polio Vaccine, IPV (0.5 ml) intramuscularly at the time of enrolment in the trial and a repeat dose of IPV (0.5 ml) after 1 month

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Proportion of children with detectable immunity against type 2 poliovirus
To compare the proportion of infants vaccinated with one dose of IPV after 14 weeks of age who are seropositive or primed against type 2 poliovirus, either > 21 months after vaccination (study group), or one month after vaccination (control group)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Proportion of children who seroconvert or boost antibody titers to type 2 poliovirus
To assess the proportion of children who seroconvert or boost antibody titers to type 2 poliovirus 30 days after a second dose of IPV, administered > 1 year after the first dose.

Full Information

First Posted
October 26, 2018
Last Updated
April 5, 2020
Sponsor
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.
Collaborators
World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
search

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03723837
Brief Title
Persistence of IPV Immunity
Official Title
Cross-sectional Study to Assess Persistence of Immunity Conferred by a Single IPV Dose Administered in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI) Routine Immunization Schedule
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
April 2020
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
November 21, 2018 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
June 30, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
July 30, 2019 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.
Collaborators
World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
In 2015, Strategic Advisory Group of Experts in Immunization (SAGE) recommended the global switch from trivalent to bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) that does not contain type 2 poliovirus and introduction of a single dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to maintain population immunity to type 2 polio to reduce the risk of vaccine derived polio. Following SAGE recommendations, Nepal introduced one dose of IPV in routine immunization in 2015 followed by withdrawal trivalent OPV in April 2016. However, Nepal, like many other countries had to stop vaccination by the end of 2016 because of a global shortage of IPV. Single dose of IPV induces detectable antibodies in 34% to 80% of infants, compared to >90% after three doses and most of seronegative children (84-98%) are "immunologically primed" by the first dose. Primed individuals produce protective antibody levels in serum within one week of exposure to a new dose of IPV or OPV. However, it is unknown whether seroconversion or priming responses persist, and for how long they persist after the single dose of IPV. IPV immunogenicity for vaccine delivered low-resource countries may also be inferior to that observed in clinical trials because of program factors that decrease vaccine efficacy. This cross sectional study aims to determine whether the immune response provided by a single dose of IPV delivered through routine immunization services persists for more than a year. The study will be implemented in three study sites in Kathmandu, Nepal during November 2018- July 2019. Information generated from this study is expected to allow better estimation of children partially protected (primed) or fully protected against type 2 poliovirus depending on coverage and time since last IPV vaccination. These estimates will help inform the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) on vaccine choices for responding to type 2 vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreaks and will help guide decisions on polio immunization schedules for Nepal and for other countries in future.
Detailed Description
Background and Rationale Importance of Poliomyelitis and Polioviruses and vaccine There are three polioviruses types, 1, 2 and 3, with minimal cross-immunity. About 1/200 infections (depending on the type of poliovirus) produce paralytic poliomyelitis. An estimated 5-10% of individuals with paralytic poliomyelitis die and the remaining suffer from lifelong paralysis of one or more limbs without a cure. The presence of detectable antibodies in blood against each type protects against paralytic poliomyelitis, but intestinal immunity develops only after exposure to live poliovirus (vaccine or wild). Oral poliovirus vaccines that contain attenuated poliovirus strains and inactivated poliovirus vaccine both induce humoral immunity and protect against paralysis. OPV can also immunize or boost immunity of close contacts through secondary spread and trivalent OPV (tOPV) with poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, was the vaccine of choice for polio eradication. The immunological response to poliovirus vaccines is evaluated by measuring type-specific poliovirus antibodies using neutralization assays and can be detected as early as 1 to 3 days after infection with WPV or receipt of OPV or IPV. Antibody titers usually decline in the first two years (10- to 100-fold reduction) and then plateau, persisting for many years. However, administration of additional doses of vaccine or new exposures to wild poliovirus, induces a quick rise in antibody titers, with a peak reached within one week after the dose due to induction of "priming" or immunological memory. Changes in polio vaccine use with progress in global polio eradication Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reduced polio cases enormously with the use of the tOPV in routine immunization and campaigns and WPV circulation is now limited to a few areas of the world. However, problems related to vaccines emerged. OPV strains may occasionally cause paralysis in vaccinated children and their close contacts (vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis or VAPP). OPV strains can circulate among susceptible individuals for long time in areas with absence of wild poliovirus transmission and suboptimal coverage with routine immunization resulting in low population immunity. Prolonged person-to-person transmission can result in genetic changes and the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) with neurovirulence and transmissibility characteristics of WPV. Type 2 poliovirus was responsible for about 40% of annual VAPP cases reported, and 85% paralytic cases caused by cVDPVs during 2000-2015. Based on SAGE recommendation this led to removal of type 2 by switching from tOPV to bOPV in primary immunization and introduction of "at least one dose of IPV in routine immunization" in most of the countries of the world. Rationale for the study and expected outcomes and benefits for the GPEI Several recent studies have demonstrated that, although a single dose would result in seroconversion to type 2 for a limited number of infants (32% to 80% depending on the age of administration and study), a high proportion (>90%) of those infants who are seronegative, may actually "primed" by that single dose. Although it is not clear whether priming may protect directly against paralysis if a type 2 cVDPV 2 outbreak emerges, primed children should develop protective antibody levels quickly following a new OPV or IPV dose provided as a response to the outbreak. Studies assessing long-term immunity to IPV or OPV were conducted in individuals receiving three or more doses of poliovirus vaccines who could have been exposed to circulating wild or vaccine poliovirus. It is unknown whether the proportion of children who were seropositive or primed following a single dose of IPV will stay positive or primed, and for how long this immune response will persist. Additionally IPV delivered in clinics and outreach sites in low-resource countries may not produce the same response to those observed in clinical trials due to programmatic issues. Furthermore, global shortage of IPV resulting in IPV stock out in many countries including Nepal led many children to miss out their IPV dose in routine immunization. Reliable estimates of population immunity in a country or region based upon coverage and estimated immunogenicity of the type of vaccine and vaccination schedules received, are crucial to guide programmatic decisions and manage vaccine supply for outbreak responses to type 2 poliovirus. Therefore, a cross-sectional study is being conducted to determine whether the immune response provided by a single dose of IPV persists for more than a year, by assessing the proportion of children born after the tOPV-bOPV switch and vaccinated with a single dose of IPV at about 14 weeks in routine immunization who are still seropositive or primed at around two years of age. These new estimates will inform the GPEI on vaccine choices for responding to type 2 VDPV outbreaks and guide decisions on polio immunization schedules after cessation of all OPV types. Objectives The study primarily will compare the proportion of infants vaccinated with one dose of IPV after 14 weeks of age who are seropositive or primed against type 2 poliovirus, either > 21 months after vaccination (study group), or one month after vaccination (control group). Also we would determine the proportion of children seropositive to types 1 and 3 following a sequential bOPV-IPV or bOPV alone schedule, delivered through routine immunization services in a low resource country. Study Design/ Procedures This is an open-label phase IV clinical trial assessing immunogenicity to IPV. Study participants will be identified through screening of children who attend outpatient clinics at the study sites for well-child visits, immunization or minor illness. After screening, confirmation of eligibility and obtaining consent, children will be allocated to one of the two study arms, and given a dose of IPV after collecting clinical information and obtaining a blood sample. Children will be followed up according to the schedule for study arms to assess study objectives. Blood sample will be centrifuged within 24 hours of collection, serum aliquoted into two cryovials and stored at Institute of Medicine (IOM) laboratory at -20*C until final shipment to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), Atlanta. Determination of poliovirus antibodies will be conducted using a microneutralization testing. Titers below 1:8 will be considered negative and the highest detectable titer will be 1:1448. Sample size and analytic plan: The sample size will be powered to address the primary objective based on previous trials that have shown 90 - 100% of children to develop detectable immunity to type 2 poliovirus after IPV dose. Using a one-sided test for differences between proportions with a continuity correction Z-test using pooled variance (PASS v14), 237 children will be required in each group to detect a one-sided difference of ≥10% with 90% power and 0.05 alpha. To account for potential 5% drop-outs, the sample will be rounded up to 250 per group or 500 children total.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Poliomyelitis
Keywords
IPV, Routine immunization, Single dose, Persistence of immunity

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Phase 4
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Non-Randomized
Enrollment
502 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Study Arm A
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Children {Age > 24 months and who received a single dose Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) at the time of routine immunization} in this arm will receive an IPV (0.5ml) intramuscularly at the time of enrolment in the trial
Arm Title
Study arm B
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Children {Age 7-12 months and have not received any IPV till date of enrolment} in this arm will receive an Inactivated Polio Vaccine, IPV (0.5 ml) intramuscularly at the time of enrolment in the trial and a repeat dose of IPV (0.5 ml) after 1 month
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
Intervention Description
Children receive one or two doses of IPV based on study arm they fall in
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Proportion of children with detectable immunity against type 2 poliovirus
Description
To compare the proportion of infants vaccinated with one dose of IPV after 14 weeks of age who are seropositive or primed against type 2 poliovirus, either > 21 months after vaccination (study group), or one month after vaccination (control group)
Time Frame
5 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Proportion of children who seroconvert or boost antibody titers to type 2 poliovirus
Description
To assess the proportion of children who seroconvert or boost antibody titers to type 2 poliovirus 30 days after a second dose of IPV, administered > 1 year after the first dose.
Time Frame
5 weeks

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
7 Months
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
36 Months
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: We will be including Nepali infants who fulfil the following criteria: Born after 30 April 2016 Healthy infant or mild illness Age groups within one of the following age groups: 7-12 months or >24 months. Receipt of one dose of IPV at 3- 6 months of age (if age >24months) or zero doses (if age within 7-12 months). IPV receipt must be validated through immunization card or registry book. Parents that consent for participation in the full length of the study. Parents those are able to understand and comply with planned study procedures. Exclusion Criteria: Parents and infants who are unable to participate in the full length of the study. A diagnosis or suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder either in the infant or in an immediate family member. A diagnosis or suspicion of bleeding disorder that would contraindicate parenteral administration of IPV or collection of blood by venipuncture. Acute infection or illness at the time of enrollment that would require infant's admission to a hospital. Evidence of a chronic medical condition identified by a study medical officer during physical exam. Known allergy/sensitivity or reaction to polio vaccines. Discontinuation Criteria Withdrawal of consent for participation for any reason. Request by parents of participant to terminate all study procedures. Identification of immunodeficiency disorder, bleeding disorder or another medical condition for which continued participation, in the opinion of the principal investigator, would pose a risk to the participant to continue in the study. Receipt of immunosuppressive medications. Receipt of any polio (OPV or IPV) vaccine outside of study after enrollment (as per parent's report). Allergic reaction to a dose of polio vaccine. Unable to collect or obtain blood at enrollment. Premature termination of the study. Temporary discontinuation of study activities may occur if there is a mOPV2 campaign.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Laxman P Shrestha, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Concepcion Estivariz, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Harish Verma, DCH
Organizational Affiliation
World Health Organization
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Kanti Children's Hospital
City
Kathmandu
Country
Nepal
Facility Name
Patan Hospital
City
Kathmandu
Country
Nepal
Facility Name
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
City
Kathmandu
Country
Nepal

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Undecided
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Individual Participant Data (IPD) sharing plan is undecided till now because the laboratory analysis is pending at CDC. IPD sharing plan will be revised after all results become available after agreement with collaborators in accordance to WHO and CDC guidelines
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
20978089
Citation
Nathanson N, Kew OM. From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec 1;172(11):1213-29. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq320. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Sutter RW, Kew OM, Cochi SL and Aylward RB. Poliovirus vaccine - live. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA and Offit PA, eds. Vaccines. 6th ed: Elsevier, 2013:598-645
Results Reference
background
Citation
Sutter RW, Patriarca PA. Inactivated and live, attenuated poliovirus vaccines: mucosal immunity. In: Kurstak E, ed. Measles and poliomyelitis. Austria: Springer-Verlag, 1993:279-293
Results Reference
background
Citation
Vidor E, Plotkin SA. Poliovirus vaccine - Inactivated. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA and Offit PA, eds. Vaccine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2013:573-597
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2828521
Citation
Roivainen M, Thoden CJ, Stenvik M, Poyry T, Hovi T. Virus excretion and strain specific antibody responses after oral poliovaccine in previously immunised children. J Med Virol. 1987 Nov;23(3):249-56. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890230307.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Dowdle WR, Cochi SL. Global eradication of poliovirus: History and rationale. In: Semler BL, Wimmer E, eds. Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses. Washington: ASM Press, 2002:473-480
Results Reference
background
Citation
Patriarca PA, Linkins RW and Sutter RW. Poliovirus vaccine formulations. In: Kurstak E, ed. Measles and Poliomyelitis. Wiena: Springer-Verlag, 1993:267-277
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
1660184
Citation
Patriarca PA, Wright PF, John TJ. Factors affecting the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine in developing countries: review. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Sep-Oct;13(5):926-39. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.5.926.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
20980048
Citation
Sutter RW, John TJ, Jain H, Agarkhedkar S, Ramanan PV, Verma H, Deshpande J, Singh AP, Sreevatsava M, Malankar P, Burton A, Chatterjee A, Jafari H, Aylward RB. Immunogenicity of bivalent types 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Nov 13;376(9753):1682-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61230-5. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26093980
Citation
Estivariz CF, Anand A, Gary HE Jr, Rahman M, Islam J, Bari TI, Wassilak SG, Chu SY, Weldon WC, Pallansch MA, Heffelfinger JD, Luby SP, Zaman K. Immunogenicity of three doses of bivalent, trivalent, or type 1 monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines with a 2 week interval between doses in Bangladesh: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Aug;15(8):898-904. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00094-8. Epub 2015 Jun 17.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23759252
Citation
Estivariz CF, Pallansch MA, Anand A, Wassilak SG, Sutter RW, Wenger JD, Orenstein WA. Poliovirus vaccination options for achieving eradication and securing the endgame. Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Jun;3(3):309-15. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17152004
Citation
Dayan GH, Thorley M, Yamamura Y, Rodriguez N, McLaughlin S, Torres LM, Seda A, Carbia M, Alexander LN, Caceres V, Pallansch MA. Serologic response to inactivated poliovirus vaccine: a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 vaccination schedules in Puerto Rico. J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;195(1):12-20. doi: 10.1086/508427. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
20350164
Citation
Resik S, Tejeda A, Lago PM, Diaz M, Carmenates A, Sarmiento L, Alemani N, Galindo B, Burton A, Friede M, Landaverde M, Sutter RW. Randomized controlled clinical trial of fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine administered intradermally by needle-free device in Cuba. J Infect Dis. 2010 May 1;201(9):1344-52. doi: 10.1086/651611.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
20573923
Citation
Mohammed AJ, AlAwaidy S, Bawikar S, Kurup PJ, Elamir E, Shaban MM, Sharif SM, van der Avoort HG, Pallansch MA, Malankar P, Burton A, Sreevatsava M, Sutter RW. Fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Oman. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 24;362(25):2351-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909383.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26476367
Citation
Anand A, Zaman K, Estivariz CF, Yunus M, Gary HE, Weldon WC, Bari TI, Steven Oberste M, Wassilak SG, Luby SP, Heffelfinger JD, Pallansch MA. Early priming with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and intradermal fractional dose IPV administered by a microneedle device: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine. 2015 Nov 27;33(48):6816-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.039. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7867144
Citation
Ghendon Y, Robertson SE. Interrupting the transmission of wild polioviruses with vaccines: immunological considerations. Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72(6):973-83.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Sutter RW, Cochi SL and Melnick J. Poliovirus vaccine - live. 2002
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
6997965
Citation
Ogra PL, Fishaut M, Gallagher MR. Viral vaccination via the mucosal routes. Rev Infect Dis. 1980 May-Jun;2(3):352-69. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.3.352.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21988303
Citation
Ogra PL, Okayasu H, Czerkinsky C, Sutter RW. Mucosal immunity to poliovirus. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 Oct;10(10):1389-92. doi: 10.1586/erv.11.106.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2767220
Citation
Swartz TA, Handsher R, Stoeckel P, Drucker J, Caudrelier P, Van Wezel AL, Cohen H, Salk D, Salk J. Immunologic memory induced at birth by immunization with inactivated polio vaccine in a reduced schedule. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;5(2):143-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00156819.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23363495
Citation
Resik S, Tejeda A, Sutter RW, Diaz M, Sarmiento L, Alemani N, Garcia G, Fonseca M, Hung LH, Kahn AL, Burton A, Landaverde JM, Aylward RB. Priming after a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 31;368(5):416-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1202541.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
27212429
Citation
Asturias EJ, Bandyopadhyay AS, Self S, Rivera L, Saez-Llorens X, Lopez E, Melgar M, Gaensbauer JT, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Borate BR, Gast C, Clemens R, Orenstein W, O'Ryan G M, Jimeno J, Clemens SA, Ward J, Ruttimann R; Latin American IPV001BMG Study Group. Humoral and intestinal immunity induced by new schedules of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and one or two doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Latin American infants: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Jul 9;388(10040):158-69. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00703-0. Epub 2016 May 19. Erratum In: Lancet. 2016 Jul 9;388(10040):e2.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26388534
Citation
Sutter RW, Bahl S, Deshpande JM, Verma H, Ahmad M, Venugopal P, Rao JV, Agarkhedkar S, Lalwani SK, Kunwar A, Sethi R, Takane M, Mohanty L, Chatterjee A, John TJ, Jafari H, Aylward RB. Immunogenicity of a new routine vaccination schedule for global poliomyelitis prevention: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Dec 12;386(10011):2413-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00237-8. Epub 2015 Sep 18. Erratum In: Lancet. 2015 Dec 12;386(10011):2394.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12182378
Citation
Carlsson RM, Claesson BA, Fagerlund E, Knutsson N, Lundin C. Antibody persistence in five-year-old children who received a pentavalent combination vaccine in infancy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Jun;21(6):535-41. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200206000-00011.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2843039
Citation
McBean AM, Thoms ML, Albrecht P, Cuthie JC, Bernier R. Serologic response to oral polio vaccine and enhanced-potency inactivated polio vaccines. Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Sep;128(3):615-28. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115009.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
10783014
Citation
Halperin SA, Smith B, Russell M, Scheifele D, Mills E, Hasselback P, Pim C, Meekison W, Parker R, Lavigne P, Barreto L. Adult formulation of a five component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and inactivated poliovirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Apr;19(4):276-83. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200004000-00003.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23313654
Citation
Zimmermann U, Gavazzi G, Richard P, Eymin C, Soubeyrand B, Baudin M. Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Tdap-IPV; Repevax) administered concomitantly versus non-concomitantly with an influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip) to adults aged >/=60 years: an open-label, randomised trial. Vaccine. 2013 Mar 1;31(11):1496-502. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.081. Epub 2013 Jan 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
15717277
Citation
Abbink F, Buisman AM, Doornbos G, Woldman J, Kimman TG, Conyn-van Spaendonck MA. Poliovirus-specific memory immunity in seronegative elderly people does not protect against virus excretion. J Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 15;191(6):990-9. doi: 10.1086/427810. Epub 2005 Feb 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
7589268
Citation
Rumke HC, Oostvogel PM, Van Steenis G, Van Loon AM. Poliomyelitis in The Netherlands: a review of population immunity and exposure between the epidemics in 1978 and 1992. Epidemiol Infect. 1995 Oct;115(2):289-98. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800058416.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16872725
Citation
Kaml M, Weiskirchner I, Keller M, Luft T, Hoster E, Hasford J, Young L, Bartlett B, Neuner C, Fischer KH, Neuman B, Wurzner R, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Booster vaccination in the elderly: their success depends on the vaccine type applied earlier in life as well as on pre-vaccination antibody titers. Vaccine. 2006 Nov 17;24(47-48):6808-11. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.037. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
22071249
Citation
Estivariz CF, Jafari H, Sutter RW, John TJ, Jain V, Agarwal A, Verma H, Pallansch MA, Singh AP, Guirguis S, Awale J, Burton A, Bahl S, Chatterjee A, Aylward RB. Immunogenicity of supplemental doses of poliovirus vaccine for children aged 6-9 months in Moradabad, India: a community-based, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Feb;12(2):128-35. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70190-6. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
8099637
Citation
Moriniere BJ, van Loon FP, Rhodes PH, Klein-Zabban ML, Frank-Senat B, Herrington JE, Pallansch MA, Patriarca PA. Immunogenicity of a supplemental dose of oral versus inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Lancet. 1993 Jun 19;341(8860):1545-50. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90693-b.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25316859
Citation
Platt LR, Estivariz CF, Sutter RW. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden. J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S380-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu184.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25316847
Citation
Burns CC, Diop OM, Sutter RW, Kew OM. Vaccine-derived polioviruses. J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1:S283-93. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu295.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16153180
Citation
Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:587-635. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23311010
Citation
Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, November 2012 - conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2013 Jan 4;88(1):1-16. No abstract available. English, French.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
17184393
Citation
Tebbens RJ, Pallansch MA, Kew OM, Caceres VM, Jafari H, Cochi SL, Sutter RW, Aylward RB, Thompson KM. Risks of paralytic disease due to wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus after eradication. Risk Anal. 2006 Dec;26(6):1471-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00827.x.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24308581
Citation
Thompson KM, Duintjer Tebbens RJ. National choices related to inactivated poliovirus vaccine, innovation and the endgame of global polio eradication. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Feb;13(2):221-34. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2014.864563. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26318714
Citation
O'Ryan M, Bandyopadhyay AS, Villena R, Espinoza M, Novoa J, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Self S, Borate BR, Asturias EJ, Clemens R, Orenstein W, Jimeno J, Ruttimann R, Costa Clemens SA; Chilean IPV/bOPV study group. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine given alone or in a sequential schedule with bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Chilean infants: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 4, non-inferiority study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Nov;15(11):1273-82. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00219-4. Epub 2015 Aug 26. Erratum In: Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Oct;15(10):1130.
Results Reference
background
Links:
URL
http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/wild-poliovirus-list
Description
Global Polio Eradication Initiative. List of wild poliovirus by country and year.
URL
http://www.polioeradication.org
Description
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Data and monitoring
URL
http://www.path.org
Description
Hickling J, Jones R and Nundy N. Improving the affordability of intactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for use in low-and middle-income countries
URL
http://polioeradication.org/tools-and-library/resources-for-polio-eradicators/gpei-tools-protocols-and-guidelines/
Description
Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Standard Operating Procedures: responding to a poliovirus event and outbreak, part 2: protocol for poliovirus type 2, 15 August 2016 (Original publication 20 april 2016)
URL
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/135972/1/WHO_IVB_14.07_eng.pdf
Description
Department of Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals. WHO multi-dose vial policy (MDVP), Revision 2014. WHO/IVB/14.07

Learn more about this trial

Persistence of IPV Immunity

We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs