Pre-operative SRS or Post-operative SRS in Treating Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases

A Phase III Trial of Pre-Operative Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Versus Post-Operative SRS for Brain Metastases

This phase III trial studies stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) before surgery to see how well it works compared with SRS after surgery in treating patients with cancer that has spread to the brain (brain metastases). SRS is the delivery of focused, high-dose radiation given in a single session to the tumors, with a minimal dose given to uninvolved areas of the brain.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To investigate the 1 year leptomeningeal disease (LMD)-free rate among patients with surgically resectable metastatic brain lesions randomized to post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (standard care) versus pre-operative SRS followed by surgery (experimental arm). SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: I. To investigate the local control (LC), distant brain metastasis rate, overall survival (OS) of pre-operative (pre-op) versus (vs) post-operative (post-op) SRS in patients with brain metastasis. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the reliability of different imaging features by using a combination of patient data and phantom data to quantify the uncertainties associated with using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for radiomics studies. II. To assess the correlation of imaging-pathology correlates using multiparametric imaging that characterize the tumor and peri-tumoral microenvironment including features such as tumor vascular characteristics, cellular density, oxygenation and presence of inflammation/immune reactivity. III. To investigate the neuro-cognitive impact, patient reported outcomes and health-related quality of life of pre-operative (pre-op) vs post-operative (post-op) SRS in patients with brain metastasis. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 groups. GROUP I (PRE-OPERATIVE SRS): Patients undergo SRS within 15 days of randomization followed by surgery within 15 days. Patients may undergo additional SRS if disease returns after treatment. GROUP II (POST-OPERATIVE SRS): Patients undergo surgery within 15 days of randomization followed by standard of care SRS within 30 days. Patients may undergo additional SRS if disease returns after treatment. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

Patients undergo SRS within 30 days of randomization followed by surgery within 30 days. Patients may undergo additional SRS if disease returns after treatment.

Patients undergo surgery within 30 days of randomization followed by standard of care SRS within 30 days. Patients may undergo additional SRS if disease returns after treatment.

Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation, stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy, Stereotactic Radiotherapy, stereotaxic radiation therapy, stereotaxic radiosurgery

Aalen-Johansen estimates will be used for LMD. Uni- and multi-variable analysis of time to LMD will be done using Fine-Gray proportional hazards regression. Model assumptions will be verified graphically by residual analyses.

Aalen-Johansen estimates will be used for local recurrence. Uni- and multi-variable analysis of time to local recurrence will be done using Fine-Gray proportional hazards regression. Model assumptions will be verified graphically by residual analyses.

Aalen-Johansen estimates will be used for distant brain recurrence. Uni- and multi-variable analysis of time to distant brain recurrence will be done using Fine-Gray proportional hazards regression. Model assumptions will be verified graphically by residual analyses.

Kaplan-Meier estimates will be utilized for survival. Uni- and multi-variable analysis of overall survival will be done with Cox proportional hazards regression.

Radiomic texture features and changes in features at diagnosis with pathology and over time will be included in various classifiers for modeling including decision trees, discriminate analysis, and nearest neighbor classifiers using classification learner in Matlab.

Inclusion Criteria: The primary lesion pre-operatively can have a maximum diameter of =< 4 cm for single fraction and =< 7 cm for multifraction therapy Patients must be considered candidates for SRS within +/- 30 days of surgical resection as defined by either history and physical (H&P) or presentation at brain metastasis tumor board conference note Patients must have a Karnofsky performance scores >= 70 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) >= 2 within 30 days of enrollment Patients must agree to randomization as documented by signing the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved consent form No radiographic evidence of leptomeningeal disease on MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) departmental radiology report or study neuro-radiologist review Documented history of malignancy Exclusion Criteria: Patients who have received prior radiation therapy to the brain for any reason The primary tumor is small-cell lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma For females, if they are pregnant or breast-feeding (The exclusion is made because gadolinium may be teratogenic in pregnancy)