Randomized Trial of Treatments for Convergence Insufficiency
Convergence Insufficiency
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Convergence Insufficiency focused on measuring convergence insufficiency, vision therapy, orthoptics
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Age 9-30 years Best corrected visual acuity of 20/25 in both eyes at distance and near Willingness to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct refractive error, if necessary Exophoria at near at least 4 prism diopters greater than at far Insufficient positive fusional convergence (i.e., failing Sheard's criterion or minimum normative positive fusional vergence (PFV) of 15 base-out break). Receded near point of convergence of > 6 cm break. Normal random dot stereopsis using a 500 seconds of arc target. CI Symptom Survey score > 16 for subjects in 9-18 year age range and > 21 for subjects in the 19-30 year age range. Informed consent and willingness to participate in the study and be randomized Exclusion Criteria: CI previously treated with pencil push-ups (no more than 2 months of treatment within the past year) CI previously treated with office-based vision therapy/orthoptics (no more than 2 months of treatment within the past year) Amblyopia Constant strabismus History of strabismus surgery Anisometropia >1.50D difference between eyes Prior refractive surgery Vertical heterophoria greater than 1 Systemic diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence, and ocular motility such as: multiple sclerosis, Graves's thyroid disease, myasthenia gravis, diabetes, and Parkinson disease Any ocular or systemic medication known to affect accommodation or vergence Monocular accommodative amplitude less than 4 D in either eye as measured by the Donder's push-up method Manifest or latent nystagmus Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or learning disability diagnosis by parental report Household member or sibling already enrolled in the CITT Any eye care professional, technician, medical student, or optometry student
Sites / Locations
- Southern California College of Optometry
- State University of New York, College of Optometry
- The Ohio State University, Optometry Coordinating Center
- The Ohio State University
- Pacific University College of Optometry
- Eye Institute, Pennsylvania College of Optometry
- University of Houston, College of Optometry