Relaxation and Meditation Techniques on Pain, Fatigue and Quality of Life

Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Mindfulness Meditation on Neuropathic Pain, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Patients with painful diabethic peripheral neuropathy will be entered.. Participants will be randomized to one of three study arms: Arm 1: relaxatio; Arm 2:meditation Arm 3: Attention matched control Hypothesis: Progressive muscle relaxation and mindfullness meditation will decrease severity of neuropathc pain and fatigue and improve quality of life.

Previous reports have revealed that progressive muscle relaxation and meditation are promising for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. On the other hand, research examining effects of these approaches on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fatigue and quality of life is limited. The present study investigates the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and mindfullness meditation in a single-site, 3-arm, assessor blinded randomized, controlled study of 77 type 2 diabetes patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Arm 1: relaxation; Arm 2: mindfulness meditation; Arm 3: Attention matched control. The investigators hypothesize that Progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation will decrease severity of neuropathic pain and fatigue and improve quality of life.

Patients will receive a training session for progressive muscle relaxation exercise. They will practice it daily at their home during 12 weeks. Patients will be called daily to ensure that patients perform the intervention according to the study protocol, and to assess their study-adherence.

Patients will receive a training session for minfullness meditation They will practice it daily at their home during 12 weeks. Patients will be called daily to ensure that patients perform the intervention according to the study protocol, and to assess their study-adherence.

Patients will receive a training session focusing on the anatomy and physiological functions of the pancreas, general information about type 2 diabetes including signs, complication, and treatment methods.

Patients will receive a training session for progressive muscle relaxation exercise They will practice it daily at their home during 12 weeks. Patients will be called daily to ensure that patients perform the intervention according to the study protocol, and to assess their study-adherence.

Patients will receive a training session for mindfulness meditation. They will practice it daily at their home during 12 weeks. Patients will be called daily to ensure that patients perform the intervention according to the study protocol, and to assess their study-adherence.

Patients will receive a training session focusing on focusing on the anatomy and physiological functions of the pancreas, general information about type 2 diabetes including signs, complication, and treatment methods

Pain severity will be measured based on patient report by a visual analog scale. Higher score means increase in pain severity.

Baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and two weeks after the completion of the interventions

Fatigue severity will be measured based on patient report by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness- Fatigue Scale. Higher scores indicate that low level of fatigue.

Baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and two weeks after the completion of the interventions

Quality of live will be measured by the Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality of Life Questionnaire. Higher scores on the scale mean better quality of life.

baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and two weeks after the completion of the interventions

Inclusion Criteria: being diagnosed with painful diabethic peripheral neuropathy , being at least primary school graduates, not using any other complementary or integrative therapy during the study period Exclusion Criteria: neuropathy history due to any other causes such as megaloblastic anemia, fibromyalgia, autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism, and lumbar disc hernia having end-stage of renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced cardiac failure, musculoskeletal disorders or depression having a diabetic foot ulcer or amputation.