Remission Through Early Monitored Insulin Therapy - Duration Month (REMIT-DM)

REMIT-DM is a feasibility pilot study where participants will be recruited soon after their diagnosis of type 2 diabetes to be placed immediately on insulin therapy for maximum of four weeks with titrations of insulin guided by glucose levels and trends provided by a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), with the purpose of achieving diabetes remission.

REMIT-DM is a feasibility pilot study that aims to show that previously published diabetes remission through early use and titration of short-term insulin therapy is possible and safe in the ambulatory diverse American population of patients with T2D, with continuous glucose level and trend information provided by CGM. We developed the algorithm based on published diabetes remission studies and include within the algorithm the CGM trend arrows to further refine insulin doses for both safety and efficacy purposes. Data captured by the CGM transmits automatically to the cloud and is accessible at any time of day by the multidisciplinary diabetes team, which includes the certified diabetes educator (CDE) and Endocrinologist. The CGM-guided insulin titration algorithm is designed to achieve euglycemia (defined as fasting CBG < 100 mg/dL, and 2 hour post-prandial CBG < 120 mg/dL) within 2 weeks of initiating insulin therapy, then to help maintain euglycemia for 2 weeks before discontinuing insulin entirely. Ten participants will undergo a maximum of 4 weeks of insulin therapy and will be assessed for remission afterwards to confirm enough recovery of beta cell function. (Complete remission is defined as fasting glycemia <100 mg/dL without use of pharmacological therapy.) Afterwards, we will implement American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for standard glycemic management, as necessary. We will use the data collected during this feasibility study to sharpen the CGM-guided insulin titration algorithm for creation of a T2DM remission mobile application that could then be tested and studied in a larger sample size. The feasibility study will also take into account clinically meaningful data points e.g. the number of phone calls between the patient and the diabetes team, the patient experience, and patient satisfaction.

10 participants will be recruited soon after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and started on short term insulin therapy to achieve euglycemia with insulin doses guided by continuous glucose monitor algorithm

10 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes will be started on basal (glargine) bolus (lispro) insulin therapy for up to 4 weeks with titrations guided by continuous glucose monitor (Dexcom G6) to achieve euglycemia and then insulin stopped after 4 weeks with hopes of diabetes remission.

Dexcom G6 CGM will be used to guide daily insulin glargine and lispro dose titrations in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. After 4 weeks of CGM and insulin therapy, insulin will be discontinued and participant's labs monitored every 3 months to determine if diabetes remission achieved.

Dexcom G6 CGM will be used to guide daily insulin glargine and lispro dose titrations in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. After 4 weeks of CGM and insulin therapy, insulin will be discontinued and participant's labs monitored every 3 months to determine if diabetes remission achieved.

Dexcom G6 CGM will be used to guide daily insulin glargine and lispro dose titrations in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. After 4 weeks of CGM and insulin therapy, insulin will be discontinued and participant's labs monitored every 3 months to determine if diabetes remission achieved.

Blood test drawn at baseline and after insulin and CGM-guided titration intervention at 3 month intervals to see if improvement in aggregate A1C value is achieved.

See if A1C achieves threshold <6.5% with intensive daily titration of basal bolus insulin therapy, guided by the individual's continuous glucose monitoring value and trend arrow - all guided by our algorithm.

We wanted to ensure that during the course of the intensive CGM-guided insulin therapy, our algorithm would be able to avoid severe hypoglycemia, defined as a glucose reading of <55mg/dL in the study participants

See if Diabetes Distress is Affected With Intervention Via Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) - 5 Questionnaire Scale

Administer the PAID-5 scale, which is a measure of diabetes distress. The scale ranges from a minimum of 0 (not a problem) to a maximum score of 4 (serious problem). The sum of the five questions provides the participant's score with a score range of minimum score of 0 to a maximum score of 20. A total score of greater than or equal to 8 indicates possible diabetes related emotional distress, with a higher score indicating more significant distress. This will be given to participants to see if/how distress levels change via the intervention

Use CGM-captured glucose values to determine how often a participant's glucose levels were in range (percent time in range)

The design of the algorithm was to attempt to achieve glucose values in the normal glycemic range, as defined as fasting BG target 80-95 mg/dL, and 2 hour post prandial BG target 100-120 mg/dL, within 2 weeks of starting insulin and maintaining values until end of 4 week intervention. We wanted to see if our CGM-guided insulin algorithm could help participants achieve pre-defined euglycemic glucose targets in four week period

Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥18 A1C criteria - >7.0 Newly diagnosed with T2D within 4 years Lifestyle controlled Subject may be on up to 2 medications for diabetes. Smart phone or home computer compatible with DEXCOM CLARITY software English speaking Assessed by endocrinologist and diabetes educator to be able to perform skills necessary for CGM use and insulin delivery Exclusion Criteria: Autoimmune Type 1 DM, defined as positive GAD65 or islet cell antibodies Pregnant Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage IV or greater Mental and/or cognitive disorder (based on documented disorder and/or assessment of physician or educator) No access to computer for downloading CGM BMI <18.0