Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Re-sorbable Biosynthetic Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy in Clean/Contaminated Field. (Parthenope)

Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Re-sorbable Biosynthetic Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy in Clean/Contaminated Field.

Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Resorbable Biosynthetic Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy in Clean/Contaminated Field: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Double Blind Prospected Trial.

The aim of the present study is to analyse the feasibility, safety and IH rate using a prophylactic sublay biosynthetic BIO-A (GORE) mesh in order to prevent incisional hernia following midline laparotomy in clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the running suture alone to the running suture reinforced with biosynthetic mesh (BIOA) in sub lay position.

Incisional Hernia (IH) is one of the most frequent postoperative complications in abdominal surgery causing significant morbidity and even mortality. The risk of developing an IH following primary elective midline laparotomy is reported to be between 5 and 20 percent. Risk factors for developing IH are both patient and surgery related. Patient factors include diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic corticosteroids use and connective tissue disorders, comprised the presence of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). Surgery related factors include type of laparotomy, type of surgery, wounds classification, suture material used to close the laparotomy and the suture length to wound length ratio (SL/WL). In patients carrying AAA and/or obesity and/or contaminated wounds, incidence rises to 39% (6,7). Besides the negative impact of incisional hernia regarding the patients' quality of life, the direct costs of hernia repair and indirect cost of IH (sick leave) are an important burden for the health care system. Several groups investigated the role of prophylactic mesh placement in the prevention of IH occurrence. A positive conclusion was reached by two systemic reviews. On the other side, surgeons are mostly reluctant to implant permanent material in patients undergoing a contaminated ventral hernia repair for the increased risk of postoperative infections, bowel adhesions, mesh extrusion and/or erosion, fistula formation, seroma development and pain. Recently, a retrospective study by Carbonell et al. investigated the feasibility and outcomes of open ventral hernia repairs performed with a polypropylene mesh in the retro-rectus position in clean-contaminated and contaminated fields, reporting a 30-day surgical site infection rate of 7.1 and 19.0% respectively. The most appropriate mesh for hernia repair in clean-contaminated and contaminated fields is not as clear . Some other authors proposed the implant of Biological Meshes (BM) in contaminated and dirty wounds, but their high costs limited their use. Moreover, data about long-term durability of biologic grafts used in case of complex abdominal wall reconstruction are not clearly defined. The so-called biosynthetic meshes (BSM) may, actually, offer advantages when challenging with bacterial colonization during complex abdominal wall reconstruction. The GORE BIO-A Tissue Reinforcement is a BSM composed of a bio-absorbable polyglycolide-trimethylene carbonate copolymer, which is gradually absorbed by the body. The aim of the present study is to analyse the feasibility, safety and IH rate using a prophylactic sublay biosynthetic BIO-A (GORE) mesh in order to prevent incisional hernia following midline laparotomy in clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the running suture alone to the running suture reinforced with biosynthetic mesh (BIOA) in sub lay position.

THIS IS A CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED STUDY OF BINARY SUPERIORITY OUTCOME IN PARALLEL GROUPS. 302 PATIENTS ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE A 95% CHANCE OF DETECTING, AS SIGNIFICANT AT THE 5% LEVEL, A DECREASE IN THE PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE FROM 18% (INCISIONAL HERNIA RATE) IN THE CONTROL GROUP TO 5%(INCISIONAL HERNIA RATE) IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP.

A 4 cm space is created between posterior rectus sheath and rectus muscle, widening 2 cm at each side of midline. Both posterior rectus sheath edges are sutured using a running slowly absorbable suture. Above the arcuate line, posterior layer is reinforced suturing the peritoneum and the posterior rectus sheath; below the arcuate line, the posterior layer is reinforced suturing the peritoneum and the trasversalis fascia. Anterior layer is re-established suturing the anterior rectus sheath. A 3 cm BIO-A Mesh strip is sutureless placed between the posterior rectus sheath and the rectus muscle with an overlap of 1,5 cm at each side. In laparotomies >20 cm two stripes of 15 cm each is designed. The midline anterior rectus sheath is closed using a running slowly absorbable suture , covering the mesh.

Ultrasound imaging is performed to examine the midline for all patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic, providing any valuable information about Incisional Hernia onset. Size and location of all ultrasound detected Incisional Hernia are registered, as well as any other patient's complaint. The ultrasonic criteria of Incisional Hernia are a visible gap within the abdominal wall and/or ''tissue moving through the abdominal wall by Valsalva manoeuvre'' and/or a detectable ''blowout''. Incisional Hernia is diagnosed if clinical criteria and/or ultrasound criteria are fulfilled.

Ultrasound imaging is performed to examine the midline for all patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic, providing any valuable information about Incisional Hernia onset. Size and location of all ultrasound detected Incisional Hernia are registered, as well as any other patient's complaint. The ultrasonic criteria of Incisional Hernia are a visible gap within the abdominal wall and/or ''tissue moving through the abdominal wall by Valsalva manoeuvre'' and/or a detectable ''blowout''. Incisional Hernia is diagnosed if clinical criteria and/or ultrasound criteria are fulfilled.

Ultrasound imaging is performed to examine the midline for all patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic, providing any valuable information about Incisional Hernia onset. Size and location of all ultrasound detected Incisional Hernia are registered, as well as any other patient's complaint. The ultrasonic criteria of Incisional Hernia are a visible gap within the abdominal wall and/or ''tissue moving through the abdominal wall by Valsalva manoeuvre'' and/or a detectable ''blowout''. Incisional Hernia is diagnosed if clinical criteria and/or ultrasound criteria are fulfilled.

Ultrasound imaging is performed to examine the midline for all patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic, providing any valuable information about Incisional Hernia onset. Size and location of all ultrasound detected Incisional Hernia are registered, as well as any other patient's complaint. The ultrasonic criteria of Incisional Hernia are a visible gap within the abdominal wall and/or ''tissue moving through the abdominal wall by Valsalva manoeuvre'' and/or a detectable ''blowout''. Incisional Hernia is diagnosed if clinical criteria and/or ultrasound criteria are fulfilled.

Clinical examination: Incisional Hernia is clinically defined as any visible or palpable ''blowout'' in the midline abdominal scar

Clinical examination: Incisional Hernia is clinically defined as any visible or palpable ''blowout'' in the midline abdominal scar

Clinical examination: Incisional Hernia is clinically defined as any visible or palpable ''blowout'' in the midline abdominal scar

Clinical examination: Incisional Hernia is clinically defined as any visible or palpable ''blowout'' in the midline abdominal scar

Inclusion Criteria: age > 18 years Clean-contaminated, contaminated wounds • midline laparotomy >10 cm Informed consent Exclusion Criteria: age < 18 years; life expectancy < 24 months (as estimated by the operating surgeon), - • pregnancy immunosuppressant therapy within 2 weeks before surgery clean and dirty wounds wound length<10 cm.