´Sit Less, Move More' at Work: mHealth Intervention on Office Employees With Diabetes Type 2. (Walk@Work)

´Sit Less, Move More' at Work: Impact of a mHealth Intervention on the Glycaemic Control and Anthropometric Profile of Office Employees With Diabetes Type 2. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Institut Català de la Salut, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital

The objective of the study is measuring the impact of a ´sit less, move more' mHealth intervention at work on the glycaemic control and anthropometric profile of office employees with diabetes type 2 (DT2) at short, mid and long term.

A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Seven Primary Care Centers from Spain (n=5 Catalonia, n=2 Madrid), 2 hospitals (n=1 Catalonia, n=1 Madrid) and 2 companies (occupational health services; n=1 public, n=1 private) will participate in the study. In each center, physicians, nurses, endocrinologists and occupational physicians will recruit patients with DT2 who spend at least 55% of their working hours doing desk-based tasks (OSPAQ) and have a cellphone. Following the CONSORT Statement (2010), volunteers will be randomized into a control (CG) or intervention group (IG) by the research team using a computer program to generate the random sequence. 184 individuals are needed in each group. Main variables: fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference. Occupational sitting time and sitting time breaks will be measured using ActivPAL devices. Other variables: physical activity (IPAQ short), quality of life (EuroQool), presenteeism (WLQ), triglycerides, total cholesterol (LDL and HDL), blood pressure and sociodemographic variables. Intervention: A mHealth program (13 wks) will progressively replace occupational sitting time with light physical activities. Participants from the CG will receive usual care. Multivariate analysis will assess changes over time (post intervention and at 6 months follow up) in the dependent variables; looking at differences between groups. Intention to treat will be applied.

mHealth, Physical Activity, Glucose, Blood, Glycated Hemoglobin A1c, Health-Related Quality Of Life, Quality of Life, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Blood Pressure, Arterial, Presenteeism, Sitting time, Sedentary Behaviour, Workplace

In the intervention group, subjects will receive brief advice on occupational physical activity, sedentary behaviour and Diabetes Type 2. In addition, participants will be provided with an external movement sensor that will be linked to the Walk@WalkApp-Diab for Android and iOS. This App will monitor the time participants spend sitting, walking and standing during working hours. It will also provide participants with strategies to "sit less and move more" at work throughout 13 weeks. This mHealth intervention aims to change occupational sitting by replacing desk-based activities by active tasks.

Subjects will receive brief advice on occupational physical activity, sedentary behaviour and Diabetes Type 2.

The intervention (Walk@WorkApp-Diab), based on an mHealth program, consists on replacing sedentary job tasks for active ones, during 13 weeks. The intervention group will download the mHealth program into their personal cellphones

Two measurement points: (a) Before the intervention starts, (b) at 6 months after intervention has finished

Two measurement points: (a) before the intervention starts, (b) at 6 months after intervention has finished.

Three measurement points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after intervention has finished.

Three measurement points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after intervention has finished.

Three measurement points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after intervention has finished.

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished

Total sitting time (minutes/day), sedendary bouts (daily time spent sitting on less than 20 minutes periods, between 20-60 minutes periods, more than 60 minutes period (ActivPal device)

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Workforce Sitting Questionnaire (daily time spent sitting watching TV, working, at home, as transport and for leisure during working days and nonworking days (minutes/day)

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Minutes/day walking, doing moderate and vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ)

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

EQ-5d-3L. Scores range from 0 to 100 (0 describes the worse health you can imagine while 100 describes the best health you can imagine)

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Work Limitations Questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 100 (0 describes that your health dones not limit you at all in doing thw work tasks, while 100 describes your health limits you a lot your work tasks)

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Two measurement points: (a) Before the intervention starts, (b) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Two measurement points: (a) Before the intervention starts, (b) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Three measurment points: (a) before the intervention, (b) immediately after the intervention, (c) at 6 months after the intervention has finished.

Inclusion Criteria: DM2 diagnosed office employees according to international criteria. Doing sedentary tasks during at least a 55% of their daily work schedule (according to the Occupational Sedentary and Physical Activity Questionnaire: OSPAQ >55%). Having a cellphone . Having a minimum work contract of 18.5 hours per week. Being able to get up from the chair or to walk by themselves (without any help). Exclusion Criteria: Not having a cellphone. Having some pathology/disability/injury which changes their ability and capacity to walk or getting up from the chair. Doing less than a 55% of the daily tasks in a sitting position according to the OSPAQ questionnaire.

Alos F, Colomer MA, Martin-Cantera C, Solis-Munoz M, Bort-Roig J, Saigi I, Chirveches-Perez E, Sola-Gonfaus M, Molina-Aragones JM, Puig-Ribera A. Effectiveness of a healthcare-based mobile intervention on sedentary patterns, physical activity, mental well-being and clinical and productivity outcomes in office employees with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):1269. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13676-x.

Bort-Roig J, Chirveches-Perez E, Garcia-Cuyas F, Dowd KP, Puig-Ribera A. Monitoring Occupational Sitting, Standing, and Stepping in Office Employees With the W@W-App and the MetaWearC Sensor: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Aug 4;8(8):e15338. doi: 10.2196/15338.