Study Investigating the Ability of Plant Exosomes to Deliver Curcumin to Normal and Colon Cancer Tissue

Study Investigating the Ability of Plant Exosomes to Deliver Curcumin to Normal and Colon Cancer Tissue

Phase I Clinical Trial Investigating the Ability of Plant Exosomes to Deliver Curcumin to Normal and Malignant Colon Tissue

This clinical trial will investigate the ability of plant exosomes to more effectively deliver curcumin to normal colon tissue and colon tumors. Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric, a natural product with diverse biological activities. Exosomes are small endosome-derived vesicles (50-100 nanometers [nm] in size). Previous clinical trials conducted with oral curcumin have demonstrated only limited bioavailability even at very high doses of 8-12 grams per day. This trial plans to address this problem of curcumin delivery by using plant exosomes to deliver the drug to colon tumors and normal colon tissue.

Curcumin is a constituent of the spice turmeric, which is one of the primary ingredients of curry powder. Curcumin has been shown to interfere with colon carcinogenesis in a variety of chemical and genetic rodent models. It has also been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer cell lines. There is considerable evidence that the effects of curcumin are mediated by changes in signal transduction. There is an extensive body of work showing effects on several signaling pathways, including the beta-catenin and NF-κB pathways. Although curcumin has been viewed as an ideal chemopreventative agent in colon cancer for many years, its application has been impeded by important issues with drug delivery and bioavailability in the reported clinical trials of this compound. Work from the James Graham Brown Cancer Center published recently suggests that using exosomes as a delivery vehicle leads to overcoming all the major obstacles of using curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent, including increased stability, solubility, and bioavailability of curcumin. The work was further extended to define the resource that can supply a large quantity of exosomes with a maximum binding capacity of curcumin. Emerging data indicate that exosomes derived from many fruits release exosome-like particles, strongly bind to many hydrophobic drugs including curcumin, and are taken up by the intestine cells as well as the immune cells in the intestine. These results suggest that these fruit-derived exosomes are potentially used as a delivery vehicle to treatment of intestinal diseases. Moreover, both fruit exosomes and curcumin should not generate any side-effects since they are consumed by humans daily. In this clinical trial, the effect of exosomally delivered curcumin on the immune modulation, cellular metabolism, and phospholipid profile of normal and malignant colon cells in subjects who are undergoing surgery for newly diagnosed colon cancer will be characterized. In selected subjects, the effect of exosomally delivered curcumin on the production of cytokines, the changes of immune cells, and glucose metabolism by administration of 13C-glucose prior to surgical resection will also be characterized.

curcumin alone in capsule form (Arm 1) curcumin combined with plant exosomes (Arm 2) will not take curcumin or plant exosomes (Arm 3)

Concentration of curcumin delivered with curcumin alone or curcumin conjugated with plant exosomes to normal and cancerous colon cells will be compared. This exploratory trial is designed to estimate the effect of a fixed concentration of curcumin when delivered by plant exosomes compared to oral tablets of curcumin alone.

effects of curcumin on normal and cancerous colon cells by measuring the biomarkers using histochemical staining

immune response in ex vivo cell cultures of colon cancer cells treated with curcumin and Exo-cur, to be evaluated by using histochemical staining

measurement of curcumin mixed with plant exosomes on metabolic characteristics of normal colon mucosa and colon tumors

Inclusion Criteria: Subjects must have definitive diagnosis of colon cancer. Surgical resection of the primary tumor must be an option for the newly diagnosed cancer. No history of diabetes Subjects must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines. Absence of life-limiting medical conditions Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1, or 2 (Karnofsky > 60%; see Appendix A). Subjects must have adequate bone marrow function. ANC > 1000/microliters (microL) and Platelet count >100,000/microL Age >20 years Exclusion Criteria: Known familial colon cancer syndrome Pregnancy Known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs Inflammatory bowel disease Active second malignancy in the last 5 years Patients receiving any other investigational agent(s) Patients who have received any prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy to the primary colon cancer Intolerance to grapes, grapefruit, or curcumin History of diabetes mellitus

Wu K, Xing F, Wu SY, Watabe K. Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2017 Dec;1868(2):538-563. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 18.