Take Rate, Immunogenicity and Safety of Elstree-BN Smallpox Vaccine in Healthy Vaccinia-Naive Subjects

Inclusion Criteria: Signed informed consent Free of obvious health problems Negative HIV test Negative hepatitis B surface antigen and negative antibody to hepatitis C virus Hematocrit ≥ 38%; white blood cells between 4.0 and 10.0 / nl with differential blood count without clinical finding; and platelets between 150 and 400 / nl ALT < 1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal Negative urine glucose by dipstick or urinalysis Adequate renal function defined as a serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL; urine protein < 100 mg/dL or < 2+ proteinuria; and a calculated creatinine clearance > 55 mL/min. For women, negative pregnancy test at screening and within 24 hours prior to vaccination. If the volunteer is female and of childbearing potential, she agrees to use acceptable contraception. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or breast-feeding Known or suspected history of smallpox vaccination Typical vaccinia scar Vaccinia specific antibodies at screening History of immunodeficiency Known or suspected impairment of immunologic function Use of immunosuppressive medication or radiation therapy Any history of atopic disease Eczema of any degree or history of eczema Chronic exfoliative skin disorders/conditions or any acute skin disorders of large magnitude Any malignancy including leukemia or lymphoma Presence of any infectious disease or a history or evidence of autoimmune disease History or clinical manifestation of clinically significant mental illness or haematological, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, central nervous, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal disorders History of drug or chemical abuse Administration of inactivated vaccine 14 days prior to vaccination Any immune modifying therapy within 4 weeks prior to vaccination Administration of live attenuated vaccines within 60 days prior to vaccination Receipt of blood products or immunoglobulin in the past 6 months Subjects with acute febrile illness within one week prior to vaccination or subjects who may be in the incubation period of an infectious disease Household contacts/sexual contacts with, or occupational exposure to any of the following: Pregnant women Children <12 months of age People with current or history of atopic dermatitis People with chronic exfoliative skin disorders/conditions or any acute skin disorders People with immunodeficiency disease, malignancies or use of immunosuppressive medications History of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction Hypersensitivity to egg or chick protein Known allergies to any component of the vaccine or its diluent Known allergies to any known component of VIG Known allergies to cidofovir or probenecid Abnormalities suggestive of any underlying disease, detected at routine tests prior to study inclusion Use of any investigational or non-registered drug or vaccine starting 30 days preceding the study vaccine and ending at conclusion visit History of myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or other heart condition under the care of a doctor. Three or more of the following risk factors: An immediate family member who has had onset of ischemic heart disease before age 50 years, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, diabetes or nicotine abuse.