Testing Multiple Behavioral Science Strategies to Increase Flu-Shot Rates at a Large Retail Pharmacy
Influenza, Human
About this trial
This is an interventional health services research trial for Influenza, Human focused on measuring Influenza vaccination, behavioral science interventions, vaccination promotion
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Have agreed to receive SMS messages from the pharmacy
- Received a flu shot from the pharmacy in the 2019-2020 flu season, as documented in their pharmacy records.
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Sites / Locations
- University of Pennsylvania
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm 5
Arm 6
Arm 7
Arm 8
Arm 9
Arm 10
Arm 11
Arm 12
Arm 13
Arm 14
Arm 15
Arm 16
Arm 17
Arm 18
Arm 19
Arm 20
Arm 21
Arm 22
Arm 23
No Intervention
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Holdout control
Unpacking Risks Treatment
Unpacking Risks Control
Active Commitment Treatment
Active Commitment Control
Self-Generated Social Norms Treatment
Self-Generated Social Norms Control
Foot-in-the-Door Treatment
Foot-in-the-Door Control
Prosocial Condition
Self-Oriented Condition
Prosocial + COVID-19
Self-Oriented + COVID-19
Dynamic + Static Norm
Dynamic Norm
Dynamic Norms Control
Sharing Humor
Humor Placebo
No Humor Condition
Connecting the Past Self to the Future Self Treatment
Connecting the Past Self to the Future Self Control
Reverse Inference Condition
Reverse Inference Control Condition
Participants will only receive the standard pharmacy messaging.
Participants will be asked to think about the risks of catching the flu this flu season and to respond with the location they are most likely to catch the flu out of a list of given options (e.g. at work, at home).
Participants will be asked to think about the risks of catching the flu this flu season and to respond to confirm that they have received the message.
Participants receive a gain framed notification that they are eligible for a flu shot. In addition, participants are told "Many people find it helpful to make a plan to get their shot" and are asked to commit by texting back "I will get a flu shot." Depending on their response, participants receive a general reminder or a commitment reminder 3 days later.
Participants receive a gain framed notification that they are eligible for a flu shot. Participants receive a general reminder 3 days later.
Participants will first receive a message enjoining them to consider 2 peers who would want them to vaccinate. Then they will be asked to do those peers a favor by getting a vaccine at their next opportunity. They will receive a reminder 3 days later.
articipants will be informed of the opportunity to receive a flu vaccine at their appointment. They will receive a reminder 3 days later.
Participants will first receive a message enjoining them to encourage someone else to receive a flu vaccine this year. They will then be given a message that they might copy-paste to forward to friends, thereby lowering the effort costs of messaging others. They will receive a reminder 3 days later.
Participants will be informed of the opportunity to receive a flu vaccine at their appointment. They will receive a reminder 3 days later.
Participants will receive a message describing the condition-specific benefit of getting a flu shot, and a reminder to ask for their flu shot. The message will also give prosocial reasons for vaccinating (i.e., protecting loved ones; preserving scarce resources).
Participants will receive a message describing the condition-specific benefit of getting a flu shot, and a reminder to ask for their flu shot.
Participants will receive a message describing the condition-specific benefit of getting a flu shot, and a reminder to ask for their flu shot. The message will also give prosocial reasons for vaccinating (e.g., protecting loved ones; preserving scarce resources). The message will also emphasize the pandemic (e.g., risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection; wasting scarce resources).
Participants will receive a message describing the condition-specific benefit of getting a flu shot, and a reminder to ask for their flu shot. The message will also emphasize the pandemic (e.g., risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection; wasting scarce resources).
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get a flu shot and informing them that more American adults are getting their flu shot than ever before and how many Americans got their flu shot last year.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get a flu shot and informing them that more American adults are getting their flu shot than ever before.
Participants will only receive a text message encouraging them to get a flu shot. They will not receive any norm information.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get the flu shot. The message will include a joke about the flu and will encourage participants to share the joke with nurses, doctors, or pharmacists.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get the flu shot. This message will include the same joke but participants will not be encouraged to share it.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get the flu shot.
Participants will receive a text message prompt to recall the negative experience of getting sick. When asked, "Do you wish you could have avoided getting sick by getting a simple shot?", participants will have the chance to respond Y for yes or N for no. Regardless of their response, they will be prompted with a second text message to connect their past experience with present-day opportunities for preventative care (getting a flu shot) to protect the future self from the flu.
In the first text message, participants will receive a simple text message encouragement to receive a flu shot. In the second text message, they will receive a reminder of the appointment time and provider name.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get a flu shot and informing them that Americans who get flu shots are healthier, wealthier, and more educated.
Participants will receive a text message encouraging them to get a flu shot and informing them that Americans who get flu shots are less likely to get the flu.