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The Effects of Videogames on Depression Symptoms and Brain Dynamics

Primary Purpose

Major Depressive Disorder

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Finland
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
MEL-T01
MEL-S01
Sponsored by
Aalto University
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Major Depressive Disorder focused on measuring Depression, Digital therapeutics, Digital mental health intervention

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Between 18-65 year-old
  • Suffering from major depressive disorder
  • Have an ongoing mental health treatment contact to basic healthcare, specialised healthcare, student healthcare or occupational healthcare
  • Has sufficient eyesight with or without prescription
  • Has a Windows computer with internet connection and mouse
  • Has email and phone number

Exclusion Criteria:

  • They have threat of self-harm
  • They have addiction to digital games
  • They have psychotic disorders
  • They are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • They have impaired ability in decision making
  • They are prisoner or forensic subject
  • They have neurological disorders such as epilepsy or brain injury

Sites / Locations

  • Aalto University (TMS)
  • Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
  • Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry
  • Helsinki University Hospital BioMag laboratoryRecruiting
  • University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center (MEG, MRI)
  • Turku University HospitalRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

No Intervention

Arm Label

MEL-T01

MEL-S01

TAU

Arm Description

MEL-T01 is a game-based digital-therapeutics (DTx) medical software device that implements personalised cognitive training to alleviate MDD symptoms and improve cognitive performance in MDD subjects.

MEL-S01 is an active comparator similar to MEL-T01 but without personalized cognitive training elements.

Treatment-as-usual.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: experimental group vs. treatment as usual group
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-T01 group is compared with the change score of the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group.
PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: active comparator group vs. treatment as usual group
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-S01 group is compared with the change score of the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group.
PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: experimental group vs. active comparator group
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-T01 group is compared with the change score in the MEL-S01 group.

Secondary Outcome Measures

QIDS total change from baseline to posttreatment
The quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS-SR16) is a self-report measure comprising of 16 questions on a scale of 0-3 which assess the severity of depressive symptoms. The inventory provides a total score between 0 and 48: the higher the total score the more severe the depression. For each of the three study arms, the change in total QIDS-SR16 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
RRS (short version) total change from baseline to posttreatment
Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), short version, is an eight item self-report questionnaire that uses a four point Likert-scale. This leads to a total score between 8 and 64 where higher values indicate higher depressive brooding. For each of the three study arms, the change in total RRS scores between before the intervention compared and after the 12 week intervention are measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
GAD-7 total change from baseline to posttreatment
The general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) is a seven-item self-report questionnaire that uses a 4-point scale (between 0 and 3) to evaluate the degree of anxiety symptoms. The questionnaire provides a total between 0 and 21: the higher the total score, the more severe the anxiety. For each of the three study arms, the change in total GAD-7 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
SDS total change from baseline to posttreatment
The Sheehan disability scale (SDS) is a self-administered three item questionnaire using a 11-point scale (between 0 and 10). The scale is used to measure functional impairment. The scale provides a total score between 0 and 30: the higher the score, the higher the functional impairment. In addition, the scale measures "the number of days lost to symptoms" and "the number of days unproductive due to the symptoms". For each of the three study arms, the change in total SDS scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
PVSS total change from baseline to posttreatment
The positive valence systems scale (PVSS) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire using a scale from 1 to 9. This leads to a total score between 21 and 189 where a lower total score indicates higher anhedonia. For each of the three study arms, the change in total PVSS scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
WHO-5 total change from baseline to posttreatment
The well-being index (WHO-5) is a five item self-report questionnaire using a scale from 0 to 5. This leads to a total score is between 0 and 25: higher scores indicate higher subjective well-being. For each of the three study arms, the change in total WHO-5 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and playing time in group MEL-T01
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. For the treatment MEL-T01 group, the change scores in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the correlation between the change score and the minutes played during the intervention is calculated. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher playing time.
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and playing time in group MEL-S01
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. For the active comparator MEL-S01 group, the change scores in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the correlation between the change score and the minutes played during the intervention is calculated. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher playing time.
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and IEQ in group MEL-T01
The immersive experiences questionnaire (IEQ, Jennett et al., 2008) is a self-report questionnaire that measures the subjective experience of being immersed while playing a video game. It has 31 questions on a scale of 1-7. This creates a total score between 31 and 217: the higher totals indicate higher immersion. In addition, there is one question - "How immersed did you feel?" - on a scale of 1-10. For the treatment MEL-T01 group, we measure the correlation between 1) the change in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention and 2) the total IEQ score (excluding the one additional questionnaire) as measured after the 12 week intervention. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher immersion in the game.
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and IEQ in group MEL-S01
The immersive experiences questionnaire (IEQ, Jennett et al., 2008) is a self-report questionnaire that measures the subjective experience of being immersed while playing a video game. It has 31 questions on a scale of 1-7. This creates a total score between 31 and 217: the higher totals indicate higher immersion. In addition, there is one question - "How immersed did you feel?" - on a scale of 1-10. For the treatment MEL-S01 group, we measure the correlation between 1) the change in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention and 2) the total IEQ score (excluding the one additional questionnaire) as measured after the 12 week intervention. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher immersion in the game.

Full Information

First Posted
May 17, 2022
Last Updated
August 4, 2022
Sponsor
Aalto University
Collaborators
Business Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Turku University Hospital
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05426265
Brief Title
The Effects of Videogames on Depression Symptoms and Brain Dynamics
Official Title
The Effects of Videogames on Depression Symptoms and Brain Dynamics
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
August 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
June 28, 2022 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 31, 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
December 31, 2024 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Aalto University
Collaborators
Business Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Turku University Hospital

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a game-based digital-therapeutics (DTx) medical software device on the symptoms of depression in adults with confirmed major depressive disorder.
Detailed Description
The study is a comparator-controlled, randomised, double-blinded intervention study aimed at assessing the effects of the investigational device MEL-T01, "Meliora", on the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). MEL-S01 acts as a comparator. MEL-T01 is a game-based digital-therapeutics (DTx) medical software device developed at Aalto University and is intended to be used as a treatment for MDD together with treatment-as-usual (TAU). MEL-T01 implements personalised cognitive training to alleviate MDD symptoms and improve cognitive performance in MDD subjects. Subjects volunteering to participate in this investigation are adults whose MDD is confirmed through MINI interview. They have an on-going mental health treatment contact with a mental health professional. The subjects are randomised into three arms with equal probabilities in blocks of six consecutive subjects. Subjects in the MEL-T01 and MEL-S01 arms are engaged in the intervention for 12 weeks while those in the TAU arm are on a follow-up period during these 12 weeks. After this 12-week period, the subjects in MEL-T01 and MEL-S01 arms enter a 12-week follow-up period and the subjects in TAU arm engage with either the MEL-T01 or MEL-S01 intervention (randomised at T0 with equal probability) for 12 weeks. The subjects are recommended to play the investigational-device game for a total of 48 hours during the 12 weeks of active intervention with a recommended weekly dose of 4 hours. A minimum of 24 hours is needed for inclusion to hypothesis testing. The subjects are limited to a daily maximum of 1.5 hours of game time. The subjects' mental health symptoms and well-being are evaluated through online questionnaires five times: before subjects are randomised into one of the three groups (T0), and then 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), and 24 (T4) weeks after the study has begun.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Major Depressive Disorder
Keywords
Depression, Digital therapeutics, Digital mental health intervention

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
The effectiveness of MEL-T01 and comparator MEL-S01 are studied. Their effectiveness is compared to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group who also receive the intervention after a 12 week waiting period.
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor
Masking Description
The research design is randomized and double-blinded. Subject randomization in study arms as well as treatment is automatized.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
800 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
MEL-T01
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
MEL-T01 is a game-based digital-therapeutics (DTx) medical software device that implements personalised cognitive training to alleviate MDD symptoms and improve cognitive performance in MDD subjects.
Arm Title
MEL-S01
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
MEL-S01 is an active comparator similar to MEL-T01 but without personalized cognitive training elements.
Arm Title
TAU
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
Treatment-as-usual.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
MEL-T01
Other Intervention Name(s)
Meliora
Intervention Description
A 12 week intervention with MEL-T01.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
MEL-S01
Intervention Description
A 12 week intervention with MEL-S01.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: experimental group vs. treatment as usual group
Description
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-T01 group is compared with the change score of the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: active comparator group vs. treatment as usual group
Description
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-S01 group is compared with the change score of the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
PHQ-9 total change from baseline to posttreatment: experimental group vs. active comparator group
Description
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. The change in the PHQ-9 total score between before the 12 week intervention and after the intervention is measured. The change score of MEL-T01 group is compared with the change score in the MEL-S01 group.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
QIDS total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS-SR16) is a self-report measure comprising of 16 questions on a scale of 0-3 which assess the severity of depressive symptoms. The inventory provides a total score between 0 and 48: the higher the total score the more severe the depression. For each of the three study arms, the change in total QIDS-SR16 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
RRS (short version) total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), short version, is an eight item self-report questionnaire that uses a four point Likert-scale. This leads to a total score between 8 and 64 where higher values indicate higher depressive brooding. For each of the three study arms, the change in total RRS scores between before the intervention compared and after the 12 week intervention are measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
GAD-7 total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) is a seven-item self-report questionnaire that uses a 4-point scale (between 0 and 3) to evaluate the degree of anxiety symptoms. The questionnaire provides a total between 0 and 21: the higher the total score, the more severe the anxiety. For each of the three study arms, the change in total GAD-7 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
SDS total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The Sheehan disability scale (SDS) is a self-administered three item questionnaire using a 11-point scale (between 0 and 10). The scale is used to measure functional impairment. The scale provides a total score between 0 and 30: the higher the score, the higher the functional impairment. In addition, the scale measures "the number of days lost to symptoms" and "the number of days unproductive due to the symptoms". For each of the three study arms, the change in total SDS scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
PVSS total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The positive valence systems scale (PVSS) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire using a scale from 1 to 9. This leads to a total score between 21 and 189 where a lower total score indicates higher anhedonia. For each of the three study arms, the change in total PVSS scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
WHO-5 total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The well-being index (WHO-5) is a five item self-report questionnaire using a scale from 0 to 5. This leads to a total score is between 0 and 25: higher scores indicate higher subjective well-being. For each of the three study arms, the change in total WHO-5 scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and playing time in group MEL-T01
Description
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. For the treatment MEL-T01 group, the change scores in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the correlation between the change score and the minutes played during the intervention is calculated. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher playing time.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and playing time in group MEL-S01
Description
The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9, Kroenke et al., 2001) is a self-report measure of major depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for MDD from "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score of depression. The higher the total score the more severe the depression. For the active comparator MEL-S01 group, the change scores in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the correlation between the change score and the minutes played during the intervention is calculated. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher playing time.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and IEQ in group MEL-T01
Description
The immersive experiences questionnaire (IEQ, Jennett et al., 2008) is a self-report questionnaire that measures the subjective experience of being immersed while playing a video game. It has 31 questions on a scale of 1-7. This creates a total score between 31 and 217: the higher totals indicate higher immersion. In addition, there is one question - "How immersed did you feel?" - on a scale of 1-10. For the treatment MEL-T01 group, we measure the correlation between 1) the change in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention and 2) the total IEQ score (excluding the one additional questionnaire) as measured after the 12 week intervention. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher immersion in the game.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Title
Correlation between PHQ-9 total change and IEQ in group MEL-S01
Description
The immersive experiences questionnaire (IEQ, Jennett et al., 2008) is a self-report questionnaire that measures the subjective experience of being immersed while playing a video game. It has 31 questions on a scale of 1-7. This creates a total score between 31 and 217: the higher totals indicate higher immersion. In addition, there is one question - "How immersed did you feel?" - on a scale of 1-10. For the treatment MEL-S01 group, we measure the correlation between 1) the change in the total PHQ-9 score between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention and 2) the total IEQ score (excluding the one additional questionnaire) as measured after the 12 week intervention. This leads to a correlation score that evaluates whether a higher symptom change is associated with higher immersion in the game.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
GAS total change from baseline to posttreatment
Description
The game addiction scale (GAS, Lemmens et al., 2009) is a self-report 7-item questionnaire using a 1-5 scale which measures game addiction. This provides a total between 7 and 35: the higher the scores indicate higher addiction. For each of the three study arms, the change in total GAS scores between before the intervention and after the 12 week intervention is measured. Then, the average change scores in each of the three groups are compared with each other.
Time Frame
Day 0 to Day 84

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
65 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Between 18-65 year-old Suffering from major depressive disorder Have an ongoing mental health treatment contact to basic healthcare, specialised healthcare, student healthcare or occupational healthcare Has sufficient eyesight with or without prescription Has a Windows computer with internet connection and mouse Has email and phone number Exclusion Criteria: They have threat of self-harm They have addiction to digital games They have psychotic disorders They are pregnant or breastfeeding They have impaired ability in decision making They are prisoner or forensic subject They have neurological disorders such as epilepsy or brain injury
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Matias Palva, PhD
Phone
+358 40 154 7779
Email
matias.palva@aalto.fi
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Lauri Lukka, MPsych
Phone
+358440375666
Email
lauri.lukka@aalto.fi
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Hanna Renvall, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Aalto University (TMS)
City
Espoo
State/Province
Uusimaa
ZIP/Postal Code
02150
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Risto Ilmoniemi, PhD
Facility Name
Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
City
Espoo
State/Province
Uusimaa
ZIP/Postal Code
02150
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Matias Palva, PhD
Email
matias.palva@aalto.fi
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Lauri Lukka, MPsych
Email
lauri.lukka@aalto.fi
Facility Name
Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry
City
Helsinki
State/Province
Uusimaa
ZIP/Postal Code
00014
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Erkki Isometsä, PhD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Monika Meimer, MD
Facility Name
Helsinki University Hospital BioMag laboratory
City
Helsinki
State/Province
Uusimaa
ZIP/Postal Code
00029
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Hanna Renvall, PhD
Facility Name
University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center (MEG, MRI)
City
Helsinki
State/Province
Uusimaa
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Not yet recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Satu Palva, PhD
Facility Name
Turku University Hospital
City
Turku
State/Province
Varsinais-Suomi
ZIP/Postal Code
20521
Country
Finland
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Leena Kähäri, MD
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Monika Meimer, MD

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
No

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The Effects of Videogames on Depression Symptoms and Brain Dynamics

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