The Study of Exenatide Action on Vessel Function in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus focused on measuring Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Impaired glucose tolerance
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- US Veterans
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) diagnosed within 3 years with good glycemic control on diet, metformin, or sulfonylurea agents or combinations of these agents (HbA1c ≤8.0%)
- T2D diagnosed ≥ 5 years prior to study enrollment
- Impaired glucose tolerance
Exclusion Criteria:
- T2D not meeting inclusion above criteria for duration of diabetes or HbA1c values
- known or suspected T1D (early onset age, low body mass index, lack of family history)
- TZD use in the prior 3 months
- prior regular use of insulin
- Creatinine >2.0 mg/dl or other laboratory or clinical evidence of kidney disease
- anemia
- known active liver disease or hepatic enzyme elevation two-and-a half times above normal
- acute bacterial or viral illness or evidence of other active infection in the past 4 weeks
- stable or unstable angina or other major illness in the past 6 months
- Raynaud's disease or any rheumatic disease affecting fingers
- current regular use of anti-inflammatory medications or antioxidants, including over the counter medications and high dose salicylates (>1 g/day);
- subjects receiving lipid lowering or anti-hypertension medications must be on stable doses for at least 2 months prior to participation.
Sites / Locations
- Phoenix VA Medical Center
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
Experimental
Exenatide SC (Sub-study 1)
Exenatide IV (Sub-study 2)
Study groups will be individuals with recent onset (<3 years) or established (>5 years) T2D. The plan is to achieve 40 complete studies of subcutaneous injection of exenatide BID (Byetta®, 5 or 10 µg) or identically looking Placebo SC for 10 days, separated by 14-day washout period. On the next day after each treatment phase, a single dose of the assigned medication will be injected just before a fat-enriched breakfast meal. A lunch meal of similar caloric and nutrient content will be administered 4 hours following the breakfast meal. Endothelial function will be measured just prior to the injection and every 2 hours during 8-hour post-breakfast period.
Study group will be individuals with recent onset (<1 year) T2D on diet and impaired glucose tolerance. The plan is to achieve 35 complete studies. The intervention will include 3 randomly ordered visits with intravenous infusion of exenatide in the presence (v1) or absence (v2) of GLP-1 receptor inhibitor exendin-9, and a control test with Placebo IV without exendin-9 (v3). Endothelial function will be measured at baseline and 2 hours later during the final 15 minutes of the infusion cocktails. Study participants will remain fasting during the test visit (3 hours total).