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Tramadol/Diclofenac Fixed-dose Combination Phase III Trial in Acute Pain After Third Molar Extraction

Primary Purpose

Acute Pain

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 3
Locations
Mexico
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Tramadol/Diclofenac 50/50
Tramadol/Diclofenac 25/25
Tramadol 50
Diclofenac 50
Sponsored by
Grünenthal GmbH
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Acute Pain focused on measuring Wisdom tooth removal, Dental pain

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 60 Years (Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. The participant has read the informed consent form, has understood the relevant aspects of the clinical study, and grants his/her authorization to participate by signing the informed consent form prior to the inclusion in the clinical study and the performance of any procedure.
  2. Male and female participants above 18 years up to 60 years.
  3. Female participants of childbearing potential must be practicing an acceptable method of birth control and must have a negative urine pregnancy test at enrollment with confirmation at the Allocation Visit.
  4. Participants are in good health, i.e., the medical record, vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory parameter assessments do not show any abnormal deviations impeding the participation in the clinical study.
  5. Participants requiring extraction of 3 or more third molars with 2 mandibular impacted third molars.
  6. Clinical and radiological diagnosis of impacted lower third molars.
  7. Class I and Class II molars according to Pell and Gregory's classification (Gay Escoda et al. 2004).
  8. Participants must be able to swallow the IMPs.

Exclusion Criteria at Enrollment:

  1. Findings in the medical record, vital signs, and/or physical examination demonstrating abnormal conditions of participant's general state of health preventing his/her participation in the clinical study according to the investigator's opinion.
  2. Participant unable to speak, read, or write in Spanish language.
  3. Clinical laboratory parameters exceed the pre-defined alert ranges (i.e., 1 standard deviation above or below the upper/lower limit of the normal ranges).
  4. Known hypersensitivity to the IMPs, the anesthetic to be used during surgery, or to the rescue medication (ibuprofen, ketorolac).
  5. Known alcohol or drug abuse in the last 6 months or any history of seizures. Alcohol abuse is defined as the consumption of more than 3 ounces (about 90 milliliters) of liquor or spirits or 18 ounces (about 530 milliliters) of beer per day, for 5 consecutive days during the 6-month period. Drug abuse is defined as the use of any recreational drug for 5 consecutive days during the 6 month period.
  6. Participants who take analgesic medication for chronic pain, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, or other drugs that reduce the seizure threshold within 4 weeks of enrollment.
  7. Pregnant or lactating women.
  8. Participants who received systemic corticosteroids or opioid analgesics less than 2 weeks before surgery.
  9. Participants with molars linked to the mandibular canal.
  10. Participants requiring immediate dental procedures other than third and fourth molars extraction,

    Exclusion Criteria at the Allocation Visit:

  11. Participant received a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug within 24 hours or 5 times the elimination half-life of that drug prior to surgery, whatever the longer.
  12. Participant received any analgesic medication other than short-acting pre-operative or intra-operative anesthetic agents within 24 hours before taking IMPs.
  13. Participant received more than 300 mg of lidocaine in total.
  14. Participant received any analgesic medication other than the IMPs immediately after the oral surgical procedure was completed.
  15. Baseline pain intensity of the participant after oral surgical procedure remains below 5 points on the 11-point NRS.

Sites / Locations

  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • Private Clinic
  • University

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm 4

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Active Comparator

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Tramadol/Diclofenac 50/50

Tramadol/Diclofenac 25/25

Tramadol 50

Diclofenac 50

Arm Description

Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride/diclofenac sodium 50 mg/50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.

Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride/diclofenac sodium 25 mg/25 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.

Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.

Participants received 3 doses of diclofenac sodium 50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Pain Relief Expressed as Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) Over the 4 Hours Post-dose Period (TOTPAR4)
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS) with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR4) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 4 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR4 were 0=worst score and 16=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Total Pain Relief at 6 Hours Post-dose (TOTPAR6)
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point VRS with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR6) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 6 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR6 were 0=worst score and 24=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.
Total Pain Relief at 8 Hours Post-dose (TOTPAR8)
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point VRS with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR8) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 8 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR8 were 0=worst score and 32=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.
Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) at 4, 6, 8, and 24 Hours Post-dose
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant before and at defined time points after the first IMP dose using an 11-point NRS with anchors at 0 for "no pain" and 10 for "pain as bad as you can imagine". Pain Intensity Difference (PIDt) was defined as the difference between baseline pain intensity and pain intensity at time point t, and SPID defined as summed PIDt x [time (hours) elapsed since previous observation]. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain [maximum=10 at each time point], and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain [minimum=-10 at each time point]. The overall minimum and maximum are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified (SPID-4=[-40 to 40], SPID-6=[-60 to 60], SPID-8=[-80 to 80], and SPID-24=[-240 to 240]).
Time to Achieve a 50 Percent Reduction in Baseline Pain (Pain at Least Half Gone)
Time (hours) when the participant achieved a 50 percent reduction of baseline (starting) pain. It was assessed at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a YES or NO question for pain half gone.
Time to Onset of First Perceptible Pain Relief
Participants used one stopwatch to document the time between first IMP dose and when they begin to feel any pain-relieving effect from the IMP.
Time to Onset of Meaningful Pain Relief
Participants used a second stopwatch to document the time between first IMP dose and when they felt their pain relief was meaningful to them.
Time to Intake of First Rescue Medication Dose
The time from first IMP dose to first dose of rescue medication (ibuprofen or ketorolac), if needed, within 24 hours post-dose was calculated.
Subject's Global Evaluation of the Treatment
Participants documented their overall impression of the analgesic efficacy of the IMPs on a 5-point Likert scale from Excellent (4) to Poor (0).
Incidence and Type of Adverse Events
The incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported from first dose (Day 1) to last scheduled contact with the participant on Day 14 was descriptively summarized. Selected TEAEs were events with preferred terms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, dizziness, or hypotension.

Full Information

First Posted
October 19, 2018
Last Updated
July 23, 2019
Sponsor
Grünenthal GmbH
Collaborators
Grünenthal, S.A.
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03714672
Brief Title
Tramadol/Diclofenac Fixed-dose Combination Phase III Trial in Acute Pain After Third Molar Extraction
Official Title
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-site, Comparator-controlled, Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-dose Combination of Tramadol Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium in Acute Moderate to Severe Pain After Third Molar Extraction
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
July 2019
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
August 26, 2017 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
March 9, 2018 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 22, 2018 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Grünenthal GmbH
Collaborators
Grünenthal, S.A.

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
This study evaluated a new drug fixed-dose combination tablet (FDC) called tramadol/diclofenac at two different strengths (fixed doses of 25 milligrams [mg] of tramadol and of diclofenac or of 50 mg each). Tramadol and diclofenac each relieve pain, but they do so by different mechanisms. They were used alone as comparator drug in this study. Both are marketed drugs and are standard treatment for acute pain, including wisdom tooth removal.
Detailed Description
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the FDC of Tramadol and Diclofenac 50/50 has superior analgesic effect than the monotherapies and that the FDC of Tramadol and Diclofenac 25/25 has non-inferior analgesic effect than the monotherapies. There was an Enrollment Period, a blinded Treatment Period, and a Follow-up Period. Previously used analgesic medication was washed out for at least 24 hours before surgery. The Treatment Period starts on Day 1 with dental surgery and treatment allocation. Treatment was started within 4 hours after the end of surgery if the participant's pain intensity had reached at least 5 points on the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS). Each participant received 3 doses of one of the four treatments within 24 hours. One fourth of the participants received the fixed-dose combination tablet at a low dose, one fourth at the higher dose, one fourth received 50 mg of the comparator tramadol alone, and one fourth 50 mg of the comparator diclofenac alone. The first 2 doses of the investigational medicinal product (IMP) were taken at the site, the last dose in an out-patient setting. Participants returned to the site at 24 hours after the first dose. A Follow-up Period included a final visit at the site or a phone call on Day 14 to assess the participant's safety.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Acute Pain
Keywords
Wisdom tooth removal, Dental pain

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 3
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor
Masking Description
This study used double-blind and double-dummy methods to guarantee the blinding of all personnel involved in the study. Participants, investigators, and all persons involved in the conduct, data management, and analysis of the study were fully blinded to the participant's treatment.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
1151 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Tramadol/Diclofenac 50/50
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride/diclofenac sodium 50 mg/50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.
Arm Title
Tramadol/Diclofenac 25/25
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride/diclofenac sodium 25 mg/25 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.
Arm Title
Tramadol 50
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants received 3 doses of tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction.
Arm Title
Diclofenac 50
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants received 3 doses of diclofenac sodium 50 mg over a 24-hour period if they developed acute moderate to severe pain within 4 hours after third molar extraction
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Tramadol/Diclofenac 50/50
Other Intervention Name(s)
Adorlan Forte (Registered Trademark)
Intervention Description
Each dose comprised 1 fixed-dose combination tablet and 3 placebo tablets or capsules matching the other active treatment groups. Doses were taken 8 hours apart.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Tramadol/Diclofenac 25/25
Other Intervention Name(s)
Adorlan (Registered Trademark)
Intervention Description
Each dose comprised 1 fixed-dose combination tablet and 3 placebo tablets or capsules matching the other active treatment groups. Doses were taken 8 hours apart.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Tramadol 50
Other Intervention Name(s)
Tramadol immediate-release capsule, Tradol (Registered Trademark)
Intervention Description
Each dose comprised 1 capsule containing 50 mg tramadol hydrochloride and 3 placebo tablets matching the other active treatment groups. Doses were taken 8 hours apart.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Diclofenac 50
Other Intervention Name(s)
Voltaren (Registered Trademark) (diclofenac enteric-coated tablet)
Intervention Description
Each dose comprised 1 tablet containing 50 mg diclofenac sodium and 3 placebo tablets or capsules matching the other active treatment groups. Doses were taken 8 hours apart.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Pain Relief Expressed as Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) Over the 4 Hours Post-dose Period (TOTPAR4)
Description
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS) with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR4) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 4 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR4 were 0=worst score and 16=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.
Time Frame
Up to 4 hours after first dose
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Total Pain Relief at 6 Hours Post-dose (TOTPAR6)
Description
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point VRS with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR6) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 6 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR6 were 0=worst score and 24=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.
Time Frame
Up to 6 hours after first dose
Title
Total Pain Relief at 8 Hours Post-dose (TOTPAR8)
Description
Pain relief was assessed by the participant at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a 5-point VRS with categories 0 (none), 1 (a little), 2 (some), 3 (a lot), or 4 (complete). Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR8) is a time-weighted summary measure of the total area under the pain relief curve that integrates serial assessments of a participant's pain over the duration of 8 hours after IMP intake. Minimum and maximum values for TOTPAR8 were 0=worst score and 32=best score, a higher score indicates more pain relief.
Time Frame
Up to 8 hours after first dose
Title
Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) at 4, 6, 8, and 24 Hours Post-dose
Description
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant before and at defined time points after the first IMP dose using an 11-point NRS with anchors at 0 for "no pain" and 10 for "pain as bad as you can imagine". Pain Intensity Difference (PIDt) was defined as the difference between baseline pain intensity and pain intensity at time point t, and SPID defined as summed PIDt x [time (hours) elapsed since previous observation]. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain [maximum=10 at each time point], and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain [minimum=-10 at each time point]. The overall minimum and maximum are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified (SPID-4=[-40 to 40], SPID-6=[-60 to 60], SPID-8=[-80 to 80], and SPID-24=[-240 to 240]).
Time Frame
Baseline; up to 24 hours after first dose
Title
Time to Achieve a 50 Percent Reduction in Baseline Pain (Pain at Least Half Gone)
Description
Time (hours) when the participant achieved a 50 percent reduction of baseline (starting) pain. It was assessed at defined time points after the first IMP dose using a YES or NO question for pain half gone.
Time Frame
Up to 24 hours after first dose
Title
Time to Onset of First Perceptible Pain Relief
Description
Participants used one stopwatch to document the time between first IMP dose and when they begin to feel any pain-relieving effect from the IMP.
Time Frame
Up to 8 hours after first dose
Title
Time to Onset of Meaningful Pain Relief
Description
Participants used a second stopwatch to document the time between first IMP dose and when they felt their pain relief was meaningful to them.
Time Frame
Up to 8 hours after first dose
Title
Time to Intake of First Rescue Medication Dose
Description
The time from first IMP dose to first dose of rescue medication (ibuprofen or ketorolac), if needed, within 24 hours post-dose was calculated.
Time Frame
First dose to 24 hours after first dose
Title
Subject's Global Evaluation of the Treatment
Description
Participants documented their overall impression of the analgesic efficacy of the IMPs on a 5-point Likert scale from Excellent (4) to Poor (0).
Time Frame
8 hours after the first dose of IMP or before first intake of rescue medication (whatever the first) and 24 hours after the first dose of IMPs
Title
Incidence and Type of Adverse Events
Description
The incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported from first dose (Day 1) to last scheduled contact with the participant on Day 14 was descriptively summarized. Selected TEAEs were events with preferred terms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, dizziness, or hypotension.
Time Frame
Day 1 to Day 14

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
60 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: The participant has read the informed consent form, has understood the relevant aspects of the clinical study, and grants his/her authorization to participate by signing the informed consent form prior to the inclusion in the clinical study and the performance of any procedure. Male and female participants above 18 years up to 60 years. Female participants of childbearing potential must be practicing an acceptable method of birth control and must have a negative urine pregnancy test at enrollment with confirmation at the Allocation Visit. Participants are in good health, i.e., the medical record, vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory parameter assessments do not show any abnormal deviations impeding the participation in the clinical study. Participants requiring extraction of 3 or more third molars with 2 mandibular impacted third molars. Clinical and radiological diagnosis of impacted lower third molars. Class I and Class II molars according to Pell and Gregory's classification (Gay Escoda et al. 2004). Participants must be able to swallow the IMPs. Exclusion Criteria at Enrollment: Findings in the medical record, vital signs, and/or physical examination demonstrating abnormal conditions of participant's general state of health preventing his/her participation in the clinical study according to the investigator's opinion. Participant unable to speak, read, or write in Spanish language. Clinical laboratory parameters exceed the pre-defined alert ranges (i.e., 1 standard deviation above or below the upper/lower limit of the normal ranges). Known hypersensitivity to the IMPs, the anesthetic to be used during surgery, or to the rescue medication (ibuprofen, ketorolac). Known alcohol or drug abuse in the last 6 months or any history of seizures. Alcohol abuse is defined as the consumption of more than 3 ounces (about 90 milliliters) of liquor or spirits or 18 ounces (about 530 milliliters) of beer per day, for 5 consecutive days during the 6-month period. Drug abuse is defined as the use of any recreational drug for 5 consecutive days during the 6 month period. Participants who take analgesic medication for chronic pain, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, or other drugs that reduce the seizure threshold within 4 weeks of enrollment. Pregnant or lactating women. Participants who received systemic corticosteroids or opioid analgesics less than 2 weeks before surgery. Participants with molars linked to the mandibular canal. Participants requiring immediate dental procedures other than third and fourth molars extraction, Exclusion Criteria at the Allocation Visit: Participant received a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug within 24 hours or 5 times the elimination half-life of that drug prior to surgery, whatever the longer. Participant received any analgesic medication other than short-acting pre-operative or intra-operative anesthetic agents within 24 hours before taking IMPs. Participant received more than 300 mg of lidocaine in total. Participant received any analgesic medication other than the IMPs immediately after the oral surgical procedure was completed. Baseline pain intensity of the participant after oral surgical procedure remains below 5 points on the 11-point NRS.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Grünenthal Study Director
Organizational Affiliation
Grünenthal GmbH
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Zapopan
State/Province
Jalisco
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 45030
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Monterrey
State/Province
Nuevo León
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 64000
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Monterrey
State/Province
Nuevo León
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 64718
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Aguascalientes
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 20230
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Chihuahua
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 31203
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Leon Guanajuato
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 37160
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
Private Clinic
City
Puebla
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 72160
Country
Mexico
Facility Name
University
City
San Luis Potosí
ZIP/Postal Code
CP 78290
Country
Mexico

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Information available on the Grünenthal Group Web Site (see URL below for details).
IPD Sharing URL
http://www.grunenthal.com/r-d-vision-mission/clinical-trials/data-sharing-clinical-trials
Citations:
Citation
Gay Escoda C, Piñera Penalva M, Velasco Vivancos V, Berini Aytés L. Cordales incluidos. Patología, clínica y tratamiento del tercer molar incluído. In: Gay Escoda C, Berini Aytés L. (eds.). Tratado de Cirugía Bucal. Tomo I. Madrid: Ergón; 2004. p. 355-85
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Tramadol/Diclofenac Fixed-dose Combination Phase III Trial in Acute Pain After Third Molar Extraction

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