Treatment Strategy to Prevent Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Primary Purpose
Traumatic Brain Injury
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Placebo
Sertraline
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Traumatic Brain Injury focused on measuring traumatic brain injury, TBI, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, community reintegration, executive function, sertraline, diffusion tensor imaging
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 years or over.
- Meeting the Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for TBI.
- Mild, Moderate, or Severe TBI as categorized by initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores 13 to 15, 9 to 12, or 3 to 8, respectively.
- Complete recovery from Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) within 4 weeks of the traumatic episode.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Penetrating head injuries.
- Clinical or neuro-radiological evidence of associate spinal cord injury.
- Patients with severe comprehension deficits (i.e., those who are not able to complete part II of the Token Test) that precludes a thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation.
- Presence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV defined mood, anxiety or psychotic disorder at the time of enrollment to the study. However, patients with a history of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence during the year preceding TBI will be included in the study.
- Patients who were taking antidepressants at the time of TBI or during a six month period prior to the traumatic event.
- Patients who have failed an adequate previous trial with sertraline or had side effects that prompted the discontinuation of this medication.
- Pregnant women or women that plan to become pregnant during the period of the study.
- Severe complicating illness such as neoplastic disease or uncompensated heart, renal or liver failure.
Sites / Locations
- Baylor College of Medicine
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Experimental
Arm Label
Placebo
Sertraline
Arm Description
Placebo will be given in a double blind fashion via an equal number of tablets (identical to the sertraline tablets) administered once daily.
Sertraline will be given in a double blind fashion via tablets administered once daily. Once stabilized in the targeted dosage (100 mg per day), sertraline serum levels will be monitored twice during the course of the intervention.
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Time to Onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV Defined Mood and Anxiety Disorders Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Following the DSM-IV (now updated by the DSM-5), depressive disorders associated with TBI are categorized as Mood Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition with subtypes: 1) With major depressive-like episode (if the full criteria for a major depressive episode [MDE] are met) or 2) With depressive features (prominent depressed mood but full criteria for a MDE are not met); and 3) with mixed features (e.g. significant irritability, pressured speech and formal thought disorder).
On the other hand, bipolar and related disorders due to TBI are subdivided in: 1) with manic or hypomanic like episode; 2) with manic features; and 3) with mixed features.
A similar conceptual framework has been used to define Anxiety Disorder due to another Medical Condition, in this case, TBI. According to DSM-IV/DSM-5, such diagnosis can be made when, besides an evident pathophysiological relationship with TBI, panic attacks or generalized anxiety are the prominent features of the clinical presentation.
Secondary Outcome Measures
Total Community Integration Questionnaire Scores
The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) is intended as a brief, reliable measure of an individual's level of integration into the home and community following traumatic brain injury. Total CIQ scores were used as the outcome measure. Range: 0 to 25. Higher scores indicate higher levels of integration into the home and community following TBI.
Iowa Gambling Task Score
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) evaluates decision making ability. During IGT subjects have to choose between decks of cards which yield high immediate gain but larger future loss (i.e., long term loss), and decks which yield lower immediate gain but a smaller future loss (i.e., a long term gain). The task consists of four decks of cards: A, B, C, and D. The goal in the task is to maximize profit. Subjects are required to make a series of card selections. The decks A and B are long term loss decks and the decks C and D are long term gain decks. The IGT Score reported is the combination of the raw score for each deck combined in the following way: (C+D) - (A+B). The range for this score is: -100 to 100. Higher values of this score indicate better decision making ability.
Memory Function Composite
This outcome measures memory function and is a composite of five standardized scores: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised, Delayed Recall and California Verbal Learning Test, Short Delay Free Recall Number Correct and Discriminability, and Long Delay Free Recall Number Correct and Discriminability. Standardized scores (i.e., z-scores) for each test of this composite were obtained by subtracting the mean raw score of all participants to the raw score of each participant and dividing the result by the standard deviation of the raw scores of all participants. The composite score was obtained by averaging the z-scores of the four memory tests mentioned previously. Range: -3 to 3. Higher scores represent better memory function.
Social Functioning Examination Total Score
The Social Functioning Examination (SFE) is a semi-structured interview that measures social functioning in areas such as interpersonal relationships, work adjustment, use of community resources and satisfaction with living environment. Range: 0 to 1. Higher scores denote lower levels of social functioning.
Neuroimaging Variables (i.e., Fractional Anisotropy [FA] of Frontal White Matter Such as the Cingulate Gyrus)
FA is a measured obtained from Diffusion Tensor Imaging, an image modality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). FA is a unitless index. Range: 0 to 1. FA describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is unrestricted or equally restricted in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. In the context of this study, FA measures the integrity of the cingulate gyrus white matter. Higher FA values reflect higher integrity of the cingulate gyrus white matter tract. Average FA values for the right and left cingulate gyri were summed.
One aim of this project was to identify predictors of the occurrence of mood disturbances during the first 6 months following TBI. The hypothesis for this aim was that patients who develop a mood or anxiety disorder six months after TBI present at baseline with lower FA of the cingulate gyrus than those who do not.
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT00704379
First Posted
June 20, 2008
Last Updated
August 10, 2015
Sponsor
Baylor College of Medicine
Collaborators
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT00704379
Brief Title
Treatment Strategy to Prevent Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Official Title
Treatment Strategy to Prevent Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2015
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
June 2008 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
April 2014 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
April 2014 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Baylor College of Medicine
Collaborators
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of sertraline to prevent the onset of mood and anxiety disorders during the first six months after traumatic brain injury.
Detailed Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among young adults. Mood disorders are the most frequent psychiatric complication of TBI, and have a large impact on family functioning, interpersonal relationships, and ability to return to work or school. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these disorders will progress to more chronic and treatment refractory forms. In spite of their clinical relevance, mood and anxiety disorders remain largely unrecognized and not adequately treated, contributing to greater disability and decreased participation in the aftermath of TBI.
The goals of this study are to learn more about how people recover from brain injury and to evaluate the effect of sertraline (also known as Zoloft) compared to placebo (an inactive substance) in preventing the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems-such as depression, lack of motivation, anxiety, irritability or aggressive outbursts-following TBI.
In the study, a group of 104 participants with TBI-recruited immediately after resolution of posttraumatic amnesia-will be randomly assigned to receive six months of double-blind treatment with sertraline or placebo.
This study will determine how these emotional and behavioral problems influence thinking, physical recovery, and return to a productive life six months after brain injury. Researchers will also determine if certain brain changes can predict the occurrence of behavioral problems and if treatment with sertraline can prevent them. Additionally, the researchers will examine the effect of sertraline on frequent post-TBI behavioral disorders such as aggression, impulsivity, poor decision making and apathetic symptoms.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry and diffusion tensor imaging will be used to examine the structural correlates of mood and anxiety disorders and to evaluate them as biological predictors of treatment response and community reintegration. The researchers hypothesize that early preventive treatment with sertraline will reduce mood and behavioral symptoms, prevent the occurrence of structural and functional brain changes associated with the onset of mood disorders, increase access to and participation in rehabilitation programs for TBI, and, consequently, improve psychosocial outcome.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Traumatic Brain Injury
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, TBI, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, community reintegration, executive function, sertraline, diffusion tensor imaging
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Phase 2, Phase 3
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderOutcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
94 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Placebo
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Placebo will be given in a double blind fashion via an equal number of tablets (identical to the sertraline tablets) administered once daily.
Arm Title
Sertraline
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Sertraline will be given in a double blind fashion via tablets administered once daily. Once stabilized in the targeted dosage (100 mg per day), sertraline serum levels will be monitored twice during the course of the intervention.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
an inactive substance
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Sertraline
Other Intervention Name(s)
Zoloft
Intervention Description
Sertraline and placebo will be given in a double blind fashion via an equal number of identical tablets administered once daily. Once stabilized in the targeted dosage (100 mg per day), sertraline serum levels will be monitored twice during the course of the intervention. Blood samples will be obtained randomly, one during the first and one during the second trimesters of the protocol.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Time to Onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV Defined Mood and Anxiety Disorders Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Description
Following the DSM-IV (now updated by the DSM-5), depressive disorders associated with TBI are categorized as Mood Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition with subtypes: 1) With major depressive-like episode (if the full criteria for a major depressive episode [MDE] are met) or 2) With depressive features (prominent depressed mood but full criteria for a MDE are not met); and 3) with mixed features (e.g. significant irritability, pressured speech and formal thought disorder).
On the other hand, bipolar and related disorders due to TBI are subdivided in: 1) with manic or hypomanic like episode; 2) with manic features; and 3) with mixed features.
A similar conceptual framework has been used to define Anxiety Disorder due to another Medical Condition, in this case, TBI. According to DSM-IV/DSM-5, such diagnosis can be made when, besides an evident pathophysiological relationship with TBI, panic attacks or generalized anxiety are the prominent features of the clinical presentation.
Time Frame
6 months after TBI
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Total Community Integration Questionnaire Scores
Description
The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) is intended as a brief, reliable measure of an individual's level of integration into the home and community following traumatic brain injury. Total CIQ scores were used as the outcome measure. Range: 0 to 25. Higher scores indicate higher levels of integration into the home and community following TBI.
Time Frame
6 months after TBI
Title
Iowa Gambling Task Score
Description
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) evaluates decision making ability. During IGT subjects have to choose between decks of cards which yield high immediate gain but larger future loss (i.e., long term loss), and decks which yield lower immediate gain but a smaller future loss (i.e., a long term gain). The task consists of four decks of cards: A, B, C, and D. The goal in the task is to maximize profit. Subjects are required to make a series of card selections. The decks A and B are long term loss decks and the decks C and D are long term gain decks. The IGT Score reported is the combination of the raw score for each deck combined in the following way: (C+D) - (A+B). The range for this score is: -100 to 100. Higher values of this score indicate better decision making ability.
Time Frame
6 months after TBI
Title
Memory Function Composite
Description
This outcome measures memory function and is a composite of five standardized scores: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised, Delayed Recall and California Verbal Learning Test, Short Delay Free Recall Number Correct and Discriminability, and Long Delay Free Recall Number Correct and Discriminability. Standardized scores (i.e., z-scores) for each test of this composite were obtained by subtracting the mean raw score of all participants to the raw score of each participant and dividing the result by the standard deviation of the raw scores of all participants. The composite score was obtained by averaging the z-scores of the four memory tests mentioned previously. Range: -3 to 3. Higher scores represent better memory function.
Time Frame
6 months following traumatic brain injury
Title
Social Functioning Examination Total Score
Description
The Social Functioning Examination (SFE) is a semi-structured interview that measures social functioning in areas such as interpersonal relationships, work adjustment, use of community resources and satisfaction with living environment. Range: 0 to 1. Higher scores denote lower levels of social functioning.
Time Frame
6 months after TBI
Title
Neuroimaging Variables (i.e., Fractional Anisotropy [FA] of Frontal White Matter Such as the Cingulate Gyrus)
Description
FA is a measured obtained from Diffusion Tensor Imaging, an image modality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). FA is a unitless index. Range: 0 to 1. FA describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is unrestricted or equally restricted in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. In the context of this study, FA measures the integrity of the cingulate gyrus white matter. Higher FA values reflect higher integrity of the cingulate gyrus white matter tract. Average FA values for the right and left cingulate gyri were summed.
One aim of this project was to identify predictors of the occurrence of mood disturbances during the first 6 months following TBI. The hypothesis for this aim was that patients who develop a mood or anxiety disorder six months after TBI present at baseline with lower FA of the cingulate gyrus than those who do not.
Time Frame
Baseline
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
85 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 years or over.
Meeting the Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for TBI.
Mild, Moderate, or Severe TBI as categorized by initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores 13 to 15, 9 to 12, or 3 to 8, respectively.
Complete recovery from Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) within 4 weeks of the traumatic episode.
Exclusion Criteria:
Penetrating head injuries.
Clinical or neuro-radiological evidence of associate spinal cord injury.
Patients with severe comprehension deficits (i.e., those who are not able to complete part II of the Token Test) that precludes a thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation.
Presence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV defined mood, anxiety or psychotic disorder at the time of enrollment to the study. However, patients with a history of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence during the year preceding TBI will be included in the study.
Patients who were taking antidepressants at the time of TBI or during a six month period prior to the traumatic event.
Patients who have failed an adequate previous trial with sertraline or had side effects that prompted the discontinuation of this medication.
Pregnant women or women that plan to become pregnant during the period of the study.
Severe complicating illness such as neoplastic disease or uncompensated heart, renal or liver failure.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ricardo E. Jorge, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Baylor College of Medicine
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Baylor College of Medicine
City
Houston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77030-4211
Country
United States
12. IPD Sharing Statement
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Treatment Strategy to Prevent Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
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