Ventripoint Single Ventricle Study

Assessment of Ventricular Volumes and Function in Single Ventricle Patients Using Ventripoint 3D Echocardiography

This study will validate a coordinate-based 3-dimensional echocardiographic technique for the assessment of cardiac size and function in children and young adults with functional single ventricles.

The accuracy of current echocardiographic techniques for measuring ventricular size and function are limited by geometric assumptions, which are particularly problematic in malformed hearts or functional single ventricles, as well as the inability to visualize the entire heart at one time from a single imaging window, and higher heart rates degrading 3D imaging volume rates. This study will validate a coordinate-based 3-dimensional echocardiographic technique for the assessment of cardiac size and function in children and young adults with functional single ventricles, including a comparison to the gold standard of cardiac MRI.

Ventripoint 3D Echo performed on subject to validate technology for use in single ventricle patients.

Ejection Fraction (EF) is a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart each time it squeezes (contracts)with each heart beat.

Ejection Fraction (EF) is a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart each time it squeezes (contracts)with each heart beat.

End Diastolic Volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at end load or filling in (diastole) or the amount of blood in the ventricles just before systole.

End Systolic Volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole.

End Diastolic Volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at end load or filling in (diastole) or the amount of blood in the ventricles just before systole.

End Systolic Volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole.

End Diastolic Diameter (EDD) is the diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter.

End Systolic Diameter (ESD) is the diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to its smallest diameter.

Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) is a measurement of the decent of the right ventricular base towards a relatively fixed apex.

RV Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) is a measurement that incorporates tricuspid valve closure to opening time and right ventricular ejection time to evaluate efficiency of the ventricle.

LV Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) is a measurement that incorporates mitral valve closure to opening time and left ventricular ejection time to evaluate efficiency of the ventricle.

Shortening fraction(SF) is a measurement of the percentage of change in left ventricular diameter during systole.

Inclusion Criteria: All patients with functional single ventricles will be included, regardless of age or surgical palliation stage, who have had or are having a clinically ordered transthoracic echocardiogram and/or cardiac MRI. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with congenital heart disease other than functional single ventricles, patients with single ventricle physiology (but not single ventricle anatomy) following a biventricular conversion pathway, or patients unable to understand or consent in English will be excluded.