Weight Loss Interventions to Reduce Cancer Progression in Prostate Cancer Patients Under Active Surveillance

Weight Loss Interventions to Reduce Cancer Progression in Prostate Cancer Patients Under Active Surveillance

Weight Loss Interventions to Reduce Cancer Progression in Prostate Cancer Patients Under Active Surveillance

This clinical trial examines weight loss interventions in reducing cancer progression in prostate cancer patients under active surveillance. Intensive lifestyle interventions that recommend modest reductions in daily caloric intake (i.e. continuous calorie energy reduction [CER]) are the gold-standard for weight loss, and have been tested in cancer survivors, including prostate cancer patients. However, few interventions have been developed for low-risk prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Intermittent fasting (IF) may be superior to CER in the context of prostate cancer progression given its dual role in weight loss and metabolic switching from the use of glucose as a fuel source to the use of fatty acids and ketone bodies. This study may help researchers determine which weight loss strategies can reduce their risk of prostate cancer recurrence, and other negative health effects of being overweight or obese.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Develop two evidence-based behavioral weight loss intervention programs (IF and CER) with a goal to cause weight loss in prostate cancer (PCa) patients on active surveillance (AS). II. Determine the initial comparative effectiveness of two intervention programs (IF and CER) on weight loss and PCa progression outcomes. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: I. Compare the effects of the interventions on biomarkers underlying obesity and PCa to provide mechanistic insights and potential surrogate biomarkers for PCa prognosis. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms. ARM I: Patients undergo the CER intervention consisting of remote lessons containing information and behavioral strategies about weight loss, session with study interventionist to review lessons, and self-monitoring of body weight, physical activity and dietary intake. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial. ARM II: Patients undergo IF intervention consisting of remote lesson containing information and behavioral strategies about fasting, session with study interventionist to review lessons, and self-monitoring of fasting. Patients will undergo fasting 2 days per week and eat according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) guidelines the remaining 5 days. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.

Patients undergo CER intervention consisting of remote lesson containing information and behavioral strategies about weight loss, session with study interventionist to review lessons, and self-monitoring of body weight. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.

Patients undergo IF intervention consisting of remote lesson containing information and behavioral strategies about fasting, session with study interventionist to review lessons, and self-monitoring of body weight. Patients also undergo fasting 2 days per week and eat according to the NCI guidelines the remaining 5 days. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.

Dietary Modification, intervention, dietary, Nutrition Intervention, Nutrition Interventions, Nutritional Interventions

Dietary Modification, intervention, dietary, Nutrition Intervention, Nutrition Interventions, Nutritional Interventions

Will assess changes in PCa progression indicated by serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time, and biopsy tumor upgrading and/or upstaging if required clinically, between the timepoints prior and post to the intervention. The timing of the intervention and data collection visits will be scheduled to correspond with the PCa patient's regular management check-up with their physician to allow their scheduled PSA test fall within at least a 6-month time window. For patients if prostate biopsy per clinical guidance is scheduled within 6 months after the intervention, the results from the biopsy post to the intervention as well as the nearest biopsy prior to the intervention will be requested. PSA test results (level and doubling time) and pathology reports on biopsies tissues (stage and grade) will be requested from the Biomedical Research Informatics Shared Resource for both baseline and follow-up visits and defined based on clinical criteria.

Will confirm the extent changes in body weight are due to changes in caloric intake. Dietary intake will be assessed by the interview administered Nutrition Data System for Research.

Will be assessed using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). The PAQ provides an estimate of calories expended per week in overall leisure time activity and in activities of light (5 kcal/min), medium (7.5 kcal/min) and high (19 kcal/min) intensity.

urinary function changes will be tracked using a validated questionnaire, the International Prostate Symptom Score

Self-reported outcomes routinely collected at each follow up clinic visit using validated questionnaire - UCLA PCI for quality of life.The UCLA PCI domain is scored on a scale of 0-100 points with higher values representing better outcomes.

Sexual health inventory for men (SHIM). The total score is obtained by adding all five item scores, and can range from 5 to 25. Higher scores indicate higher level of sexual function and less erectile dysfunction.

Inclusion Criteria: Age 18 years old or older (no upper limit) Body mass index (BMI) >= 25 kg/m^2 English speaking Not currently on weight loss medications Prostate cancer patients who are under active surveillance (including observation) and actively followed at Roswell Park Not under active treatment for other cancer diagnosis Free of medical problems that might contraindicate participation in a behavioral weight reduction program containing an exercise component Has not lost at least 10% of their body weight in the last 6 months Has not had bariatric surgery in the last 10 years Able to walk unassisted and continuously for 10 minutes Participant must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board approved written informed consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure Exclusion Criteria: Unable to consent Unwilling or unable to follow protocol requirements Unable to complete study measures in English Adults who have had a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or stroke without medical clearance from their primary care physician to participate in the study Adults who currently have type 1 or type 2 diabetes without medical clearance from their primary care physician to participate in the study History of partial or radical prostatectomy