Number of falls and falls-related injuries using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
The investigators will examine the number of falls, and fall-related injuries using two questions from the BRFSS.
Assessment of Self-Reported Health using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)
The investigators will use a self-reported health question to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. This question is from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Body composition using Biomedical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
The investigators will use BIA to estimate body composition during baseline and 36-month. It is a noninvasive procedure. BIA measures body fat, and provide an estimate of total body water (TBW). Using values of TBW we will be able to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat (adiposity).
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure will be measured by a research assistant using an automatic blood pressure monitor (Omron) and standard procedures.
Body weight
Body weight will be measured by a research assistant using a portable, calibrated stadiometer (Tanita, Inc)
Assessment of Fear of Falling using the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I)
The investigators will use the 7-item version of the FES-I
Osteoporosis and Other Medications Questionnaire
At baseline, past osteoporosis medication use and duration will be obtained and, at each assessment time point, patients will be asked for their current list of medications. Medications specific to osteoporosis will be asked for by name (e.g., alendronate). In addition, for each osteoporosis medication, patients will be asked the start date, to estimate duration. The investigators will also search the electronic health record for any use of osteoporosis medications, in case they are not recalled by participants. Other medications will be asked at each time point as well, as certain medications (e.g., benzodiazepines) are known to strongly increase fall risk
Assessment of fuctional lower extremity strengh using the 30 second chair Stand test
At baseline and the 36 month follow-up the participants will perform the 30 seconf chair stand test. This will be used as a measure of functional lower extremity strength.
Assessment of upper strenght using the 30 second arm curl test
At baseline and the 36 months follow-up the participants will perform a 30 second arm curl test. The participants will be asked to use dumbbells (8 lbs for male and 5 lbs for female).
Assessment of cognitive impairment using the Six-item Callahan screener
Six-item screener will be used to identify cognitive impairment (6 questions total)
Assessment of Physical Activity using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
The investigators will use 6 questions from the NHIS at baseline and the 36 month follow-up to measure participants' activity level. The survey identifies patients that are sedentary, moderately active, or very active.
Assessing caregiver status
The investigators will use two questions from the American Association of Retired People (AARP) Caregiver Identification Study, to identify whether the patient is a caregiver or not.
Number of participants requiring hospitalization
Every 4 months the investigators will call the participants asking questions about hospitalization. A fall calendar will be given to the participant to record all fall events (e.g., date, location). This will help participants to recall falls during the 3 month period. In addition, this will allow medical records to be requested, using a signed authorization form (part of the consent form). The investigators will review all relevant Electronic Health Records (EHR) information, such as hospital and emergency department discharge summaries, outpatient visit notes, consultation notes, physical exam notes, dictated radiologist notes and plain film radiography.
Number of participants requiring emergency department visits
Every 4 months the investigators will call the participants asking questions about emergency department visit. A fall calendar will be given to the participant to record all fall events (e.g., date, location). This will help participants to recall falls during the 3 month period. In addition, this will allow medical records to be requested, using a signed authorization form (part of the consent form). The investigators will review all relevant Electronic Health Records (EHR) information, such as hospital and emergency department discharge summaries, outpatient visit notes, consultation notes, physical exam notes, dictated radiologist notes and plain film radiography.
Assessment of Physical Function using PROMIS
The investigators will use 4 physical function questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Fatigue using PROMIS
The investigators will use 4 fatigue questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Pain using PROMIS
The investigators will use 5 pain questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Sleep Disturbance using PROMIS
The investigators will use 4 sleep disturbance questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities using PROMIS
The investigators will use 3 Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Depression using PROMIS
The investigators will use 4 depression questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Anxiety using PROMIS
The investigators will use 4 anxiety questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Loneliness using PROMIS
The investigators will use 3 loneliness questions to assess key patient centered outcomes that the intervention may improve. These questions are from the NIH-supported PROMIS.
Assessment of Bone densitometry using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
For Bone densitometry (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC, g) and bone area (BA, cm2) are measured for the total body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), and total hip (sum of the average femur neck, trochanteric region and proximal femoral shaft from dual-sided measurements). BMD (g m2) is calculated from the BMC and BA.
Assessment of total Body soft tissues using DXA scan
The investigators will measure total body soft tissue in terms of muscle (lean) mass and fat mass.
Assessment of medical history using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
The investigators will assess the prevalence of common chronic conditions (i.e., osteoarthritis, osteoporosis) using questions from the BRFSS.
Height
Height will be measured by a research assistant using a portable, calibrated stadiometer (Tanita, Inc)
Self-reported assessment of Chronic conditions
The investigators will ask 16 questions on chronic conditions, recent healthcare utilization, medical devices, hospital admissions, transportation, health insurance, home care, and nursing home/rehab facility stay.
Assessment of Monitoring devices use.
1 question related to the use of medical alert systems or personal emergency button use.
Assessment of Late-life function using the Late-Life function and disability instrument (LLFDI)
The investigators will ask 10 questions from the LLFDI about function - a person's ability to do discrete actions or activities.
Assessment of Late-life disability using the Late-Life function and disability instrument (LLFDI)
The investigators will ask 10 Questions from the LLFDI about disability-a person's performance of socially defined life tasks.
Assessment of Home care services
The investigators will ask 3 questions about use of home care services
Assessment of Transportations
The investigators will ask 1 question about ways of transportation the participant use.
Assessment Health insurance use
The investigators will ask 3 question about type of health insurance use
Tobacco Use
The investigators will ask 2 questions about tobacco use.
Education status
The investigators will ask 1 questions about education status.
Socioeconomic status
The investigators will ask 2 questions about socioeconomic status.
Self-reported osteoporosis diagnosis
The investigators will ask 2 questions about osteoporosis diagnosis.
Date of Birth collection
The investigators will ask participants their date of birth (month/date/year)
Number of participants by gender
The investigator will ask if the participant is a male or female
Number of participants by Marital status
The investigators will ask 1 question about marital status.
Number of participants by race
The investigators will ask participants if they fall in the following race categories:
White Black or African American Asian Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander American Indian or Alaskan Native More than one race Unknown/not reported
Number of participants by ethnicity
The investigators will ask participants if they are Hispanic or Latino.