Active clinical trials for "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"

Women living with HIV face multiple challenges regarding pregnancy, encompassing not only their intention to procreate, but also difficulties during the course of pregnancy. Compared to HIV-negative controls, HIV-infected women have a higher risk of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or preterm labor. In addition, the treatment of HIV among pregnant women entails specific difficulties, such as changes in bioavailability of antiretroviral drugs, or the concern about the association of certain antiretrovirals with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is very little evidence about pregnancy among women living with HIV in Spain. Very few studies have been published, performed in single centers or in small cohorts with a limited number of patients. The Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) offers a unique setting to answer questions that are unlikely to be answered by a single study. The aims of this study are (i) to describe the incidence of pregnancies and their temporal trends from 2004 to 2019, (ii) o describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of women who become pregnant, (iii) to assess the diagnostic delay among women diagnosed with HIV infection after becoming pregnant, (iv) to investigate the clinical course during pregnancy and its predictive factors, (v) to describe the antiretroviral treatment administered to pregnant women, (vi) to describe clinical outcomes after pregnancy, (vii) to describe the outcome of the conception in terms of interrupted pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, term pregnancies, type of delivery (vaginal or caesarean section) and HIV infection of the newborn, and (vii) to evaluate attitudes towards pregnancy (ie. planned pregnancy) and social support among women who become pregnant during the year 2020. Study population will be women from the cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who have become pregnant in the period 2004-2010.

The prevalence of NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) in HIV-infected patients is higher than that in general population, but the causes of morbidity and pathogenesis have not been fully explored. The investigators are planning to consecutively enroll 400 cases HIV-positive outpatients, and to detect NAFLD by ultrasound. The fecal and blood samples were also collected to explore the mechanism of NAFLD. The investigators aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in HIV infected patients.

This pilot study will assess the feasibility of using heavy water as a safe 'tracer' for biomarker studies of diseases of the brain and spinal cord, that, together, are also called the central nervous system (CNS). Heavy water, also called deuterated water or D20, is the same as normal drinking water except the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium, a naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen. In particular, this study will use heavy water to define: 1) The rate of immune cell proliferation (growth) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to blood. This study will be examining a particular type of immune cell called T lymphocytes. 2) This study will also examine selected molecules generated by nerve cells of the CNS to understand their rate of secretion and turnover in healthy control participants, HIV-1-infected participants and participants with a non-HIV-related neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study will involve the administration of heavy water orally for either seven days, 12 days or six weeks. Measurements will be taken by lumbar puncture (LP, also known as a spinal tap). Blood (approximately five tablespoons per visit) will also be obtained at each of the lumbar puncture appointments. If this method can be used to establish the rates of immune cell turnover and the production rates of neuronal molecules using cerebrospinal fluid, it will provide unique data that is important to understand chronic neurodegenerative conditions, like PD, and to measure responses to targeted therapies. Hypothesis: D2O, administered orally, can be used to measure the proliferation rates of CSF T cells (and, eventually, of their major phenotypic subsets). D2O can be used to assess the turnover and production rates of CNS constituents that are normally or pathologically shed or secreted into the CSF, including (eventually): cargo molecules transported specifically in neurons in the CNS, such as chromogranin-A and -B, neuregulin-1 (specifically the extracellular secreted ectodomain of neuronal differentiation factor (NDF) isoform type α1, α2, β1, and the acetylcholine receptor inducing activity isoform (ARIA), secreted amyloid precursor protein (sAPP), alpha-synuclein; and APP metabolites amyloid beta (Aβ) 41 and 42.

Observational study looking at barriers to care for individuals seeking care, Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) after an actual or perceived exposure to HIV. Following PEP treatment subjects will be asked about there intent to transition to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and surveyed about barriers to care or perceptions of care

This study evaluates the current situation and follow-up of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Andalusia.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global health issue with up to 40 million people infected worldwide. Due to highly active antiretroviral therapy, mortality related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reducing in the last decades. However, liver disease remains as an important cause of severe complications and death. Hepatic fibrosis progression is the main responsible for liver-related outcomes in HIV-positive patients. Co-infection by hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly prevalence in HIV patients. Chronic viral co-infection induces faster liver fibrosis progression compared to mono-infected HIV. However, published data have been reporting presence of significant liver fibrosis in HIV without HBV or HCV infection. This might be related to direct action of HIV in hepatocytes or association with others factors, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with metabolic factors, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, antiretroviral drugs may induce abnormal body fat distribution (lipodistrophy) and insulin resistance playing an important role on this process. Liver biopsy has been historically considered as the gold standard to evaluate liver injury. However, this painful method presents several limitations. Therefore, several non-invasive methods for estimation of liver fibrosis, such as biomarkers (APRI, FIB-4, FibroTest and FibroMeter) and transient elastography by Fibroscan, have been developed as an alternative to liver biopsy. The diagnostic performance and prognostic value of biomarkers and transient elastography have been validated in patients with chronic liver diseases. However, few data are available in HIV patients, especially in those without chronic viral co-infection. Therefore, patients, medical doctors and scientific community will be beneficiated by the future application of non-invasive methods for estimation of liver injury in clinical practice in HIV patients.

The target population for this project will be men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) at high risk of HIV acquisition

Clinical specimens are required from HIV positive individuals with viremia controlled by antiretroviral therapy to complete process development for a genetically modified autologous T cell product, AGT103-T. The product will be used in a subsequent early stage clinical trial in subjects with chronic HIV disease and viremia suppressed by antiretroviral therapy as the initial step in testing a functional cure for HIV disease. Enrolled participants provide a venous blood specimen (approximately 25mL) to determine their level of HIV-reactive CD4+ T cells. Subjects with positive T cell responses will be asked to undergo leukapheresis and their clinical specimens will be used to validate and qualify the AGT103-T cell product.

The purpose of this Canada-France study is to develop and validate a multidimensional patient-reported measure of perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence for HIV-positive patients undergoing treatment that will be theoretically founded, easy to use and helpful to clinicians in their medical decision-making, in a clinical or research setting.

The immune systems of some individuals may be capable of resisting HIV infection. These individuals do not appear to be infected with HIV despite multiple sexual encounters with HIV infected partners. This study will examine the immune systems of these individuals to determine what factors are responsible for their ability to resist HIV infection. Study hypothesis: Some long-term, multiply-exposed seronegative persons have relative resistance to HIV infection maintained by T cell responses.